Martínez-García María Fernanda, Grijalva-Chon José Manuel, Castro-Longoria Reina, Re-Vega Enrique de, Varela-Romero Alejandro, Chávez-Villalba Jorge Eduardo
Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora 83000, Mexico.
Dis Aquat Organ. 2020 Mar 26;138:185-194. doi: 10.3354/dao03462.
In bivalve mollusk aquaculture, massive disease outbreaks with high mortality and large economic losses can occur, as in northwest Mexico in the 1990s. A range of pathogens can affect bivalves; one of great concern is ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1), of which there are several strains. This virus has been detected in the Gulf of California in occasional or sporadic samplings, but to date, there have been few systematic studies. Monthly samples of Crassostrea gigas, water, and sediment were taken in the La Cruz coastal lagoon and analyzed by PCR. The native mollusk, Dosinia ponderosa, which lives outside the lagoon, was sampled as a control. The virus was found throughout the year only in C. gigas, with prevalence up to 60%. In total, 9 genotype variants were detected, and genetic analysis suggests that linear genotypic evolution has occurred from strain JF894308, present in La Cruz in 2011. There has been no evidence of the entry of new viral genotypes in the recent past, thus confinement of the virus within the lagoons of the Gulf of California could promote a native genotypic diversity in the short term.
在双壳贝类养殖中，可能会出现大规模疾病爆发，导致高死亡率和巨大经济损失，就像20世纪90年代墨西哥西北部那样。一系列病原体都可能影响双壳贝类；其中一个备受关注的是牡蛎疱疹病毒1型（OsHV-1），它有多个毒株。在加利福尼亚湾的偶尔或零星采样中检测到了这种病毒，但迄今为止，很少有系统的研究。在拉克鲁斯沿海泻湖每月采集太平洋牡蛎、水和沉积物样本，并通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）进行分析。将生活在泻湖外的本地贝类——厚重索贻贝作为对照进行采样。该病毒全年仅在太平洋牡蛎中被发现，感染率高达60%。总共检测到9种基因型变体，遗传分析表明，自2011年在拉克鲁斯出现的JF894308毒株以来，发生了线性基因型进化。近期没有新病毒基因型进入的证据，因此，该病毒在加利福尼亚湾泻湖内的局限可能在短期内促进本地基因型多样性。
