Paduch Darius A
Department of Urology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 525 East 68th Street, ST-924A, New York, NY 10021 USA.
Curr Prostate Rep. 2007;5(1):40-50. doi: 10.1007/s11918-007-0006-7. Epub 2007 Apr 16.
Lower urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common among the general population and are most often caused by bacterial pathogens. Viruses are an uncommon cause of UTIs in an immunocompetent host; however, viruses are increasingly recognized as the cause of lower UTI, especially hemorrhagic cystitis, among immunocompromised patients. BK virus, adenovirus, and cytomegalovirus are predominant pathogens involved in hemorrhagic cystitis after stem cell and solid organ transplantation, and their early diagnosis and treatment may prevent significant morbidity of hemorrhagic cystitis. The diagnosis of viral lower UTI is based on molecular techniques, and real-time polymerase chain reaction is often the method of choice because it allows for quantification of viral load. Cidofovir is becoming a drug of choice in viral UTIs because it is active against the most common viral pathogens. This review discusses the epidemiology, pitfalls in diagnosis, and current treatment of viral UTIs.
下尿路感染（UTIs）在普通人群中很常见，且大多由细菌病原体引起。在免疫功能正常的宿主中，病毒是UTIs的罕见病因；然而，在免疫功能低下的患者中，病毒越来越被认为是下尿路感染尤其是出血性膀胱炎的病因。BK病毒、腺病毒和巨细胞病毒是干细胞和实体器官移植后出血性膀胱炎的主要病原体，它们的早期诊断和治疗可预防出血性膀胱炎的严重发病。病毒性下尿路感染的诊断基于分子技术，实时聚合酶链反应通常是首选方法，因为它可以对病毒载量进行定量。西多福韦正成为病毒性UTIs的首选药物，因为它对最常见的病毒病原体具有活性。本文综述了病毒性UTIs的流行病学、诊断中的陷阱以及当前的治疗方法。
