Graduate School of Systems and Information Engineering, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies (GRIPS), 7-22-1 Roppongi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 106-8677, Japan.
Demography. 2020 Apr;57(2):423-444. doi: 10.1007/s13524-020-00864-w.
This study is an examination of the effect of intrauterine exposure to electoral violence on child birth weight, an outcome that has long-term effects on an individual's education, income, and health in later life. We consider the electoral violence that resulted from the introduction of multiparty democracy in Kenya as an exogenous source of shock, using a difference-in-differences method and a mother fixed-effects model. We find that prenatal exposure to the violence increased the probabilities of low birth weight and a child being of very small size at birth by 19 and 6 percentage points, respectively. Violence exposure in the first trimester of pregnancy decreased birth weight by 271 grams and increased the probabilities of low birth weight and very small size at birth by 18 and 4 percentage points, respectively. The results reaffirm the significance of the nine months in utero as one of the most critical periods in life that shapes future health, economic, and educational trajectories.
本研究考察了子宫内暴露于选举暴力对出生体重的影响，这一结果对个人在以后生活中的教育、收入和健康都有着长期影响。我们认为，肯尼亚引入多党民主制度所导致的选举暴力是一种外生冲击，使用了双重差分法和母亲固定效应模型。我们发现，产前暴露于暴力会使低出生体重和出生时非常小的体重的概率分别增加 19%和 6%。怀孕第一季度的暴力暴露会使出生体重降低 271 克，并使低出生体重和非常小的出生体重的概率分别增加 18%和 4%。研究结果再次证实，九个月的子宫内时间是人生中最关键的时期之一，它塑造了未来的健康、经济和教育轨迹。
