Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, The Mall, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 Jun;27(16):19543-19560. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-08499-5. Epub 2020 Mar 26.
Eco-degradative features associated with the modern agriculture due to utilization of toxic agro-chemicals and intensified technologies need an urgent attention. Considering this need for eco-curativeness and eco-efficiency, current has for the first time employed an integrated farming system (IFS) through designing an appropriate assemblage of vegetables, poultry, and fish (VPF) and investigated its applied scale practicability in addition to the its role in the enhancement of the productivity and environmental quality maintenance. The practical employment of VPF model resulted in the remarkable improvement of soil fertility through an increment in the essential nutrient quantity. Physicochemical analysis of the soils expressed an improvement in the treated samples, i.e., pH (7.31), EC (0.92 dS/m), organic matter (2.97%), nitrogen (2.1 mg/kg), phosphorous (120.3 mg/kg), potassium (322 mg/kg), calcium (1482.0 mg/kg), and magnesium (471.5 mg/kg). Furthermore, ecological detoxification was expressed in form of lower heavy metals (HM) in the experimental soils. At the early plantation stage, HM concentration in the soils modified with nutrient-rich water signified considerably lower pattern with trend, i.e., Cd < Zn < Ni <Pb< Cu < Fe. The morphological growth of the vegetable plants, i.e., Lycopersicon esculentum L., Capsicum annum, and Abelmoschus esculentus, and fish species, i.e., Lobeo rohita and Clarias gariepinus, in the current investigation was remarkably good. Currently employed VPF model expressed a duality in completion of sustainability goals through production of good-quality vegetables in addition to environmental integrity boosting by complete elimination of need for toxic chemical inputs. Results of this research can be adopted for large-scale employment for production of augmented agricultural production in a completely sustainable manner.
由于有毒农用化学品的利用和强化技术的现代农业所具有的生态退化特征需要引起紧急关注。考虑到这种对生态修复和生态效率的需求,目前首次通过设计蔬菜、家禽和鱼类(VPF)的适当组合,采用了综合农业系统(IFS),并调查了其在提高生产力和维护环境质量方面的应用规模实用性。VPF 模型的实际应用通过增加必需营养物质的数量显著提高了土壤肥力。土壤的物理化学分析表明,处理过的样本有所改善,即 pH 值(7.31)、电导率(0.92 dS/m)、有机质(2.97%)、氮(2.1 mg/kg)、磷(120.3 mg/kg)、钾(322 mg/kg)、钙(1482.0 mg/kg)和镁(471.5 mg/kg)。此外,生态解毒作用表现为实验土壤中重金属(HM)含量较低。在早期种植阶段,富营养水改良的土壤中 HM 浓度表现出明显的下降趋势,即 Cd < Zn < Ni < Pb< Cu < Fe。蔬菜植物,即番茄、辣椒和黄秋葵,以及鱼类,即罗非鱼和非洲鲶,在当前调查中的形态生长非常良好。目前采用的 VPF 模型通过生产高质量的蔬菜,以及通过完全消除对有毒化学投入的需求来提高环境完整性,实现了可持续性目标的双重性。这项研究的结果可以采用大规模的生产方式,以完全可持续的方式增加农业生产。