Najam Maryam, Javaid Sana, Iram Shazia, Pasertsakoun Kingkham, Oláh Marianna, Székács András, Aleksza László
Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, The Mall, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan.
Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Páter Károly u. 1, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary.
Polymers (Basel). 2025 Jan 11;17(2):169. doi: 10.3390/polym17020169.
This study attempted to isolate and identify pedospheric microbes originating in dumpsites and utilized them for the degradation of selected synthetic polymers for the first time in a cost-effective, ecologically favorable and sustainable manner. Specifically, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polyurethane (PUR) were converted by the isolated fungi, i.e., , , , and bacterial coccus and filamentous microbes and assessed in a biotransformative assay under simulated conditions. Commendable biodegradative potentials were exhibited by the isolated microbes against polymers that were analyzed over a span of 30 days. Among the selected fungal microbes, the highest activity was achieved by , expressing 55% and 40% conversion of LDPE and PUR, respectively. In the case of bacterial strains, 50% and 40% conversion of LDPE and PUR degradation was achieved by coccus. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were utilized to analyze the degradative patterns in terms of vibrational and thermal characteristics, and stereomicroscopic analysis was performed for the visual assessment of morphological variations. Profound structural transformations were detected in FT-IR spectra and TGA thermograms for the selected microbes. Stereomicroscopic analysis was also indicative of the remarkable transformation of the surface morphology of these polymers after degradation by microbes in comparison to the reference samples not treated with any pedospheric microbes. The results are supportive of the utilization of the selected pedospheric microbes as environmental remediators for the cleanup of persistent polymeric toxins. This current work can be further extended for the successful optimization of further augmented percentages by using other pedospheric microbes for the successful adoption of these biotechnological tools at a practical level.
本研究首次尝试分离并鉴定源自垃圾填埋场的土壤圈微生物，并以经济高效、生态友好且可持续的方式利用它们降解选定的合成聚合物。具体而言，分离出的真菌，即 、 、 、 和细菌球菌以及丝状微生物对低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）和聚氨酯（PUR）进行了转化，并在模拟条件下的生物转化试验中进行了评估。在30天的时间跨度内，对分离出的微生物针对聚合物表现出的可嘉生物降解潜力进行了分析。在所选定的真菌微生物中， 表现出最高活性，分别使LDPE和PUR的转化率达到55%和40%。就细菌菌株而言，球菌对LDPE和PUR的降解转化率分别达到50%和40%。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）和热重分析（TGA）从振动和热特性方面分析降解模式，并进行立体显微镜分析以直观评估形态变化。在选定微生物的FT-IR光谱和TGA热重图中检测到了深刻的结构转变。与未用任何土壤圈微生物处理的参考样品相比，立体显微镜分析也表明这些聚合物在被微生物降解后表面形态发生了显著变化。结果支持将选定的土壤圈微生物用作环境修复剂来清除持久性聚合物毒素。当前这项工作可以通过使用其他土壤圈微生物进一步扩展，以成功优化更高的降解百分比，从而在实际层面成功应用这些生物技术工具。
