加纳废弃和活跃金矿堆中的砷污染：地球化学形态分析、形态分析和潜在人类健康风险评估。
Arsenic contamination in abandoned and active gold mine spoils in Ghana: Geochemical fractionation, speciation, and assessment of the potential human health risk.
机构信息
Department of Soil Science and Soil Ecology, Institute of Geography, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.
University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstrasse 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; University of Kafrelsheikh, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, 33516, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
出版信息
Environ Pollut. 2020 Jun;261:114116. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114116. Epub 2020 Feb 3.
This work aims to study the pseudo-total content, geochemical fractions, and species of arsenic (As) in the bulk soil and in the coarse and fine particles of top soil and soil profiles collected from active and abandoned gold mine spoils in Ghana. The human health risk for adults (male and female) and children has been assessed. To achieve our aims, we collected 51 samples, characterized them, determined the total As content, and sequentially extracted the geochemical fractions of As including water-soluble and un-specifically bound As (FI); specific-sorbed/exchangeable As (FII); poorly (FIII)- and well-crystalline (IV) Fe oxide; and residual/sulphide fraction (FV). In selected samples, As species were determined using synchrotron-based X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). Pseudo-total As contents varied from 1807 to 8400 mg kg, with the extremes occurring at the abandoned mine spoil. Arsenic was almost 10-fold higher in the fine particles (<0.63 μm) than in the coarse particles. Arsenic was mainly associated with FIII and FV, indicating that the distribution of As in these spoils is governed by their contents of amorphous Fe oxides, sulphides and As bearing minerals. The XANES results indicated that scorodite (FeAsSO = 65-76%) and arsenopyrite (FeAsS = 24-35%) are the two major As-containing minerals in the spoils. The potential mobility (PMF = ∑FI-FIV) of As in the fine particles of the top soil was higher (48-61%) than in the coarse particles (25-44%). The mobile fraction (MF) (FI+FII) and PMF of As in the coarse particles of the profiles increased with depth while it decreased in the fine particles. The median hazard index values indicated an elevated human health risk, especially for children. The high contamination degree and potential mobility of As at the studied mine spoils indicate high potential risk for human and environmental health.
本工作旨在研究加纳活性和废弃金矿尾矿中表层土壤和土壤剖面的原状土壤和粗细颗粒中砷的假全量、地球化学形态和砷种。评估了成人（男性和女性）和儿童的健康风险。为了实现我们的目标，我们收集了 51 个样本，对其进行了特征描述，测定了总砷含量，并对砷的地球化学形态进行了顺序提取，包括水溶性和非特定结合的砷（FI）；特定吸附/交换的砷（FII）；弱结晶（FIII）和结晶良好（IV）的铁氧化物；和残余/硫化物（FV）。在选定的样品中，使用基于同步加速器的 X 射线吸收近边结构（XANES）确定了砷种。假全砷含量变化范围为 1807 至 8400 mg kg，在废弃的矿山尾矿中含量最高。细颗粒（<0.63 μm）中的砷含量几乎是粗颗粒的 10 倍。砷主要与 FIII 和 FV 结合，表明这些尾矿中砷的分布受无定形铁氧化物、硫化物和含砷矿物的含量控制。XANES 结果表明，砷铁矿（FeAsSO=65-76%）和毒砂（FeAsS=24-35%）是尾矿中两种主要的含砷矿物。表层土壤细颗粒中砷的潜在可移动性（PMF=∑FI-FIV）较高（48-61%），而粗颗粒中砷的潜在可移动性（PMF=∑FI-FIV）较低（25-44%）。随着深度的增加，剖面粗颗粒中砷的移动部分（MF）（FI+FII）和 PMF 增加，而细颗粒中的砷则减少。中位数危害指数值表明，人类健康风险较高，尤其是对儿童。研究矿山尾矿中砷的高污染程度和潜在可移动性表明，对人类和环境健康存在高潜在风险。
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