Saha Partha Sarathi, Sarkar Sayantika, Jeyasri Rajendran, Muthuramalingam Pandiyan, Ramesh Manikandan, Jha Sumita
Center of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700019, India.
Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, India.
Plants (Basel). 2020 Mar 26;9(4):411. doi: 10.3390/plants9040411.
has been used as a reputed drug in the Indian traditional ayurvedic system for centuries. This medicinal herb with important phytopharmaceuticals has been popularly known as "Brahmi". In recent years, has been extensively studied for its bioactive constituents, constituents responsible for memory enhancing effect, and also its diverse other useful effects. It possesses many pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, gastrointestinal, endocrine, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory etc. The plant has been also used for the treatment of neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases. Due to its multipurpose therapeutic potential, micropropagation using axillary meristems and de novo organogenesis has been extensively studied in the species and is being reviewed. High frequency direct shoot organogenesis can be induced in excised leaf and internode explants in the absence of exogenous phytohormones and the rate of induction is enhanced in the presence of exogenous cytokinins, supplements, growth regulators, etc. Using explants from tissue culture raised plants, direct shoot regeneration leading to production of more than 100 rooted plants/explant within 8-12 weeks period with 85%-100% survival in the field after acclimatization can be expected following optimized protocols. Bioreactor based micropropagation was found to increase the multiplication rate of shoot cultures for the commercial propagation of plants. The maximum content of bacosides has been recorded in shoot biomass using an airlift bioreactor system. Further studies for the biosynthesis of bacosides and other secondary metabolites need to be conducted in the species utilizing untransformed shoot cultures in bioreactors.
几个世纪以来，它在印度传统阿育吠陀体系中一直被用作一种著名的药物。这种含有重要植物药物的药草广为人知，被称为“婆罗门参”。近年来，人们对其生物活性成分、具有记忆增强作用的成分以及其他多种有益作用进行了广泛研究。它具有许多药理活性，如抗氧化、胃肠道、内分泌、抗菌、抗炎等。这种植物还被用于治疗神经和神经精神疾病。由于其具有多种治疗潜力，利用腋芽分生组织进行微繁殖和从头器官发生已在该物种中得到广泛研究，且正在进行综述。在没有外源植物激素的情况下，离体叶片和节间外植体可诱导高频直接芽器官发生，在外源细胞分裂素、补充剂、生长调节剂等存在的情况下，诱导率会提高。使用组织培养植株的外植体，按照优化方案，有望在8 - 12周内实现直接芽再生，每个外植体产生100多株生根植株，驯化后在田间的存活率为85% - 100%。基于生物反应器的微繁殖被发现可提高芽培养物的增殖率，用于该植物的商业繁殖。使用气升式生物反应器系统，芽生物量中已记录到最高含量的积雪草苷。需要利用生物反应器中未转化的芽培养物对该物种中积雪草苷和其他次生代谢产物的生物合成进行进一步研究。
