Shrihastini Vijayakumar, Muthuramalingam Pandiyan, Adarshan Sivakumar, Sujitha Mariappan, Chen Jen-Tsung, Shin Hyunsuk, Ramesh Manikandan
Department of Biotechnology, Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore 641062, Tamil Nadu, India.
Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India.
Cancers (Basel). 2021 Dec 10;13(24):6222. doi: 10.3390/cancers13246222.
Cancer is one of the most common malignant diseases that occur worldwide, among which breast cancer is the second leading cause of death in women. The subtypes are associated with differences in the outcome and were selected for treatments according to the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor. Triple-negative breast cancer, one of the subtypes of breast cancer, is difficult to treat and can even lead to death. If breast cancer is not treated during the initial stages, it may spread to nearby organs, a process called metastasis, through the blood or lymph system. For in vitro studies, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, and T47B are the most commonly used breast cancer cell lines. Clinically, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are usually expensive and can also cause side effects. To overcome these issues, medicinal plants could be the best alternative for chemotherapeutic drugs with fewer side effects and cost-effectiveness. Furthermore, the genes involved in breast cancer can be regulated and synergized with signaling molecules to suppress the proliferation of breast cancer cells. In addition, nanoparticles encapsulating (nano-encapsulation) medicinal plant extracts showed a significant reduction in the apoptotic and cytotoxic activities of breast cancer cells. This present review mainly speculates an overview of the native medicinal plant derived anti-cancerous compounds with its efficiency, types and pathways involved in breast cancer along with its genes, the mechanism of breast cancer brain metastasis, chemoresistivity and its mechanism, bioinformatics approaches which could be an effective alternative for drug discovery.
癌症是全球最常见的恶性疾病之一，其中乳腺癌是女性第二大死因。这些亚型与预后差异相关，并根据雌激素受体、孕激素受体和人表皮生长因子受体来选择治疗方案。三阴性乳腺癌是乳腺癌的亚型之一，难以治疗，甚至可能导致死亡。如果乳腺癌在初始阶段未得到治疗，它可能会通过血液或淋巴系统扩散到附近器官，这个过程称为转移。对于体外研究，MCF-7、MDA-MB-231、MDA-MB-468和T47B是最常用的乳腺癌细胞系。临床上，化疗和放疗通常费用昂贵，还会引起副作用。为了克服这些问题，药用植物可能是化疗药物的最佳替代品，副作用更少且具有成本效益。此外，参与乳腺癌的基因可以被调节，并与信号分子协同作用以抑制乳腺癌细胞的增殖。此外，包裹药用植物提取物的纳米颗粒（纳米封装）显示出乳腺癌细胞的凋亡和细胞毒性活性显著降低。本综述主要推测了天然药用植物衍生的抗癌化合物的概述，包括其在乳腺癌中的效率、类型和途径，以及相关基因、乳腺癌脑转移的机制、化疗耐药性及其机制、生物信息学方法，这些可能是药物发现的有效替代方法。
