Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
Cells. 2020 Mar 26;9(4):800. doi: 10.3390/cells9040800.
The T cell receptor (TCR) repertoires of γδ T cells are very different to those of αβ T cells. While the theoretical TCR repertoire diversity of γδ T cells is estimated to exceed the diversity of αβ T cells by far, γδ T cells are still understood as more invariant T cells that only use a limited set of γδ TCRs. Most of our current knowledge of human γδ T cell receptor diversity builds on specific monoclonal antibodies that discriminate between the two major subsets, namely Vδ2 and Vδ1 T cells. Of those two subsets, Vδ2 T cells seem to better fit into a role of innate T cells with semi-invariant TCR usage, as compared to an adaptive-like biology of some Vδ1 subsets. Yet, this distinction into innate-like Vδ2 and adaptive-like Vδ1 γδ T cells does not quite recapitulate the full diversity of γδ T cell subsets, ligands and interaction modes. Here, we review how the recent introduction of high-throughput TCR repertoire sequencing has boosted our knowledge of γδ T cell repertoire diversity beyond Vδ2 and Vδ1 T cells. We discuss the current understanding of clonal composition and the dynamics of human γδ TCR repertoires in health and disease.
γδ T 细胞的 T 细胞受体 (TCR) 谱与 αβ T 细胞非常不同。虽然 γδ T 细胞的 TCR 谱多样性理论上估计远远超过 αβ T 细胞，但 γδ T 细胞仍然被认为是更不变的 T 细胞，仅使用有限数量的 γδ TCR。我们目前对人类 γδ T 细胞受体多样性的大部分了解都基于可区分这两个主要亚群（即 Vδ2 和 Vδ1 T 细胞）的特定单克隆抗体。在这两个亚群中，与某些 Vδ1 亚群的适应性样生物学相比，Vδ2 T 细胞似乎更适合作为先天 T 细胞的角色，具有半不变的 TCR 利用。然而，这种先天样 Vδ2 和适应性样 Vδ1 γδ T 细胞的区分并不能完全概括 γδ T 细胞亚群、配体和相互作用模式的全部多样性。在这里，我们回顾了高通量 TCR 谱测序的最新引入如何在 Vδ2 和 Vδ1 T 细胞之外增强我们对 γδ T 细胞受体多样性的了解。我们讨论了健康和疾病中人 γδ TCR 谱的克隆组成和动力学的当前理解。
