Research and Development Group, Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, Australia.
School of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Clin Exp Optom. 2020 Nov;103(6):756-765. doi: 10.1111/cxo.13060. Epub 2020 Mar 29.
Myopia, and especially high myopia, is associated with a number of posterior segment changes that are considered to be mostly a consequence of the increased axial elongation. This can result in mechanical strain, attendant vascular changes, stretching and thinning of tissues, and atrophy/deformation of tissues in later or more advanced stages. Such myopia-related changes are observed as changes and/or abnormalities in the vitreous, choroid, retina and peripheral retina, sclera and/or optic disc. Although many of these changes are benign, at times they may be associated with significant vision impairment that either requires active intervention or may suggest future progression of the disease. This review systematically addresses the posterior segment conditions seen in myopic eyes, describes the features associated with the condition and details management pathways.
近视，尤其是高度近视，与许多后段变化相关，这些变化被认为主要是眼轴过度增长的结果。这可能导致机械性张力、伴随的血管变化、组织拉伸和变薄，以及在晚期或更严重阶段组织萎缩/变形。这些与近视相关的变化表现为玻璃体、脉络膜、视网膜和周边视网膜、巩膜和/或视盘的改变和/或异常。虽然许多这些变化是良性的，但有时它们可能与显著的视力损害相关，这些损害要么需要积极干预，要么可能提示疾病的未来进展。本综述系统地介绍了近视眼中所见的后段情况，描述了与这些情况相关的特征，并详细介绍了管理途径。
