Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría "Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz," Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Laboratorio de Cronobiología y Sueño, CDMX, México.
Instituto de Neurociencias, CUCBA, Laboratorio de Neurofisiología de la Conducta Reproductiva, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
Int J Neurosci. 2021 Jun;131(6):580-590. doi: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1750392. Epub 2020 Apr 13.
There is evidence to suggest that melatonin diminishes non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) latency in patients with Alzheimer´s disease (AD). However, melatonin's effects on cortical activity during NREMS in AD have not been studied. The objective of this research was to analyze the effects of melatonin on cortical activity during the stages of NREMS in 8 mild-to-moderate AD patients that received 5-mg of fast-release melatonin.
During a single-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study, polysomnographic recordings were obtained from C3-A1, C4-A2, F7-T3, F8-T4, F3-F4 and O1-O2. Also, the relative power (RP) and EEG coherences of the delta, theta, alpha1, alpha2, beta1, beta2 and gamma bands were calculated during NREMS-1, NREMS-2 and NREMS-3. These sleep latencies and all EEG data were then compared between the placebo and melatonin conditions.
During NREMS-2, a significant RP increase was observed in the theta band of the left-central hemisphere. During NREMS-3, significant RP decreases in the beta bands were recorded in the right-central hemisphere, compared to the placebo group. After melatonin administration, significant decreases of EEG coherences in the beta2, beta1 and gamma bands were observed in the right hemisphere during NREMS-3.
We conclude that short NREMS onset related to melatonin intake in AD patients is associated with a significant RP increase in the theta band and a decrease in RP and EEG coherences in the beta and gamma bands during NREMS-3. These results suggest that the GABAergic pathways are preserved in mild-to-moderate AD.
有证据表明褪黑素可缩短阿尔茨海默病（AD）患者的非快速眼动睡眠（NREMS）潜伏期。然而，褪黑素对 AD 患者 NREMS 期间皮质活动的影响尚未得到研究。本研究旨在分析 8 例轻度至中度 AD 患者接受 5mg 快速释放褪黑素后，褪黑素对 NREMS 各期皮质活动的影响。
在一项单盲、安慰剂对照交叉研究中，从 C3-A1、C4-A2、F7-T3、F8-T4、F3-F4 和 O1-O2 获得多导睡眠图记录。此外，还计算了 NREMS-1、NREMS-2 和 NREMS-3 期间 delta、theta、alpha1、alpha2、beta1、beta2 和 gamma 频段的相对功率（RP）和 EEG 相干性。然后比较了安慰剂和褪黑素两种条件下的这些睡眠潜伏期和所有 EEG 数据。
在 NREMS-2 期间，观察到左中央半球 theta 频段的 RP 显著增加。在 NREMS-3 期间，与安慰剂组相比，右中央半球记录到 beta 频段的 RP 显著降低。褪黑素给药后，在 NREMS-3 期间，右半球的 beta2、beta1 和 gamma 频段的 EEG 相干性显著降低。
我们得出结论，AD 患者摄入褪黑素后，NREMS 起始时间缩短，与 theta 频段的 RP 显著增加以及 NREMS-3 期间的 RP 和 EEG 相干性降低有关。这些结果表明，在轻度至中度 AD 中，GABA 能途径得以保留。
