Department of Internal Diseases and Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
Veterinary Centre, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland.
BMC Vet Res. 2020 Mar 30;16(1):99. doi: 10.1186/s12917-020-02305-7.
The purpose of the study described here was to evaluate the effects of different supportive treatments - such as antioxidants, immunomodulators, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) - in mastitic cows treated with intramammary antibiotics on the efficacy of mastitis therapy and fertility indices. Fertility indices, including time to first insemination, conception rate, time between calving and conception (open days), and number of services per conception (insemination index), were evaluated for 300 dairy cows. Sixty cows without apparent clinical signs of mastitis were assigned 100 days after calving to a Control group. Another 240 cows with clinical mastitis were systematically divided into four experimental groups (I-IV) of 60 cows each. All mastitic cows were treated with approved intramammary antibiotics in recommended doses. Cows in Group I were treated with intramammary antibiotics only. Cows in Groups II, III, and IV, received intramammary antibiotic therapy and a single injection with antioxidants, an immunomodulator (lysozyme dimer), or an NSAID (flunixin meglumine), respectively.
The lowest treatment efficacy of mastitic quarters and cows was noted in Group I (51.6 and 53.3%; p > 0.05). The best recovery rate was noted in Group II (63.3 and 66.7%; p > 0.05), followed by Group III (58.3 and 60.9%) and Group IV (58.3 and 58.0%; p > 0.05). The above data did not differ statistically (p > 0.05). The animals with mastitis (Groups I-IV) showed prolonged time to first insemination, more open days, higher insemination index, and lower conception rate than the control cows (p < 0.05). The conception rate of healthy cows and of successfully treated cows was insignificantly lower than that of cows required prolonged antibiotic therapy. Supportive treatments improved the mastitis recovery rate compared with intramammary antibiotics only. The efficacy of mastitis treatments affected the reproduction indices: in cows requiring prolonged treatment with antioxidants, a shorter time to first insemination was needed than in other groups (p < 0.05). Fewer days open were observed between the group with antioxidants and the control group (p < 0.05).
Clinical mastitis negatively affects reproductive indices (days open, pregnancy rate after first AI, NSC) in dairy cows. Different types of supportive medicine, such as antioxidants (vitamin C and E, and β-carotene), lysozyme dimer, or NSAID can be useful in improving fertility in mastitis cows treated with antibiotic only. It has been proven that each supportive treatment improved antibiotics efficiency and the antibiotic combined with the antioxidants was the most effective treatment.
本研究旨在评估不同支持性治疗（如抗氧化剂、免疫调节剂和非甾体抗炎药（NSAIDs））对接受全身抗生素治疗的乳腺炎奶牛的乳腺炎治疗效果和生育指数的影响。对 300 头奶牛的生育指数（包括首次配种时间、受孕率、产犊至受孕的天数（开放天数）和每配种次数（配种指数））进行了评估。60 头无明显乳腺炎临床症状的奶牛在产后 100 天被分配到对照组。另外 240 头患有临床乳腺炎的奶牛被系统地分为四组（I-IV），每组 60 头。所有乳腺炎奶牛均接受推荐剂量的批准的全身抗生素治疗。I 组奶牛仅接受全身抗生素治疗。II 组、III 组和 IV 组奶牛分别接受全身抗生素治疗和单次抗氧化剂、免疫调节剂（溶菌酶二聚体）或 NSAID（氟尼辛葡甲胺）注射。
I 组乳腺炎和奶牛的治疗效果最低（分别为 51.6%和 53.3%；p>0.05）。II 组的恢复率最高（分别为 63.3%和 66.7%；p>0.05），其次是 III 组（58.3%和 60.9%）和 IV 组（58.3%和 58.0%；p>0.05）。上述数据在统计学上没有差异（p>0.05）。患有乳腺炎的奶牛（I-IV 组）与对照组奶牛相比，首次配种时间延长，开放天数增加，配种指数升高，受孕率降低（p<0.05）。健康奶牛和成功治疗奶牛的受孕率明显低于需要延长抗生素治疗的奶牛。与仅使用全身抗生素相比，支持性治疗可提高乳腺炎的恢复率。乳腺炎治疗效果影响繁殖指数：在需要长时间使用抗氧化剂治疗的奶牛中，首次配种时间短于其他组（p<0.05）。与对照组相比，抗氧化剂组的开放天数减少（p<0.05）。
临床乳腺炎会对奶牛的繁殖指数（开放天数、首次人工授精后的妊娠率、非季节性配种）产生负面影响。不同类型的辅助药物，如抗氧化剂（维生素 C 和 E、β-胡萝卜素）、溶菌酶二聚体或 NSAID，可用于改善仅接受抗生素治疗的乳腺炎奶牛的生育能力。事实证明，每种支持性治疗都提高了抗生素的疗效，而抗生素与抗氧化剂的联合治疗是最有效的治疗方法。
