Department of Sociology, New York University, New York, NY 10012
Department of Sociology, New York University, New York, NY 10012.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Mar 31;117(13):6990-6997. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1918891117.
We examine change in multiple indicators of gender inequality for the period of 1970 to 2018. The percentage of women (age 25 to 54) who are employed rose continuously until ∼2000 when it reached its highest point to date of 75%; it was slightly lower at 73% in 2018. Women have surpassed men in receipt of baccalaureate and doctoral degrees. The degree of segregation of fields of study declined dramatically in the 1970s and 1980s, but little since then. The desegregation of occupations continues but has slowed its pace. Examining the hourly pay of those aged 25 to 54 who are employed full-time, we found that the ratio of women's to men's pay increased from 0.61 to 0.83 between 1970 and 2018, rising especially fast in the 1980s, but much slower since 1990. In sum, there has been dramatic progress in movement toward gender equality, but, in recent decades, change has slowed and on some indicators stalled entirely.
我们考察了 1970 年至 2018 年期间多个性别不平等指标的变化。处于 25 至 54 岁年龄段的女性（就业人数）的比例持续上升，直到 2000 年达到目前为止的最高点 75%；2018 年略低，为 73%。女性在获得学士学位和博士学位方面已经超过了男性。研究领域的隔离程度在 20 世纪 70 年代和 80 年代大幅下降，但此后变化不大。职业隔离仍在继续，但速度有所放缓。我们研究了处于 25 至 54 岁年龄段、全职就业的人群的时薪，发现女性与男性的薪酬比率从 1970 年的 0.61 上升到 2018 年的 0.83，在 20 世纪 80 年代上升尤其迅速，但自 1990 年以来上升速度明显放缓。总之，在实现性别平等方面取得了显著进展，但近几十年来，变化已经放缓，在某些指标上甚至完全停滞不前。
