Smith David G, Bogorodsky Sergey V, Mal Ahmad O, Alpermann Tilman J
Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center, MRC-534, 4210 Silver Hill Road, Suitland, MD 20746..
Zootaxa. 2019 Dec 5;4704(1):zootaxa.4704.1.1. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.4704.1.1.
Thirty-eight species of moray eels (Muraenidae) from the Red Sea are reported in an updated review. A species account is provided for each species, along with a full synonymy of all nominal species described from the Red Sea. One species is new to science, G. pharaonis, and two species are new for the Red Sea, Gymnothorax phasmatodes (Smith) and Scuticaria tigrina (Lesson). Gymnothorax pharaonis n. sp. is a common species that has long been misidentified as G. undulatus (Lacepède), although it more closely resembles G. margaritophorus Bleeker, to which it is closely related phylogenetically. It is characterized by the following combination of characters: total vertebrae 123-128; body slender, depth at anus 17-28 in TL; maxillary teeth biserial, dentary and vomerine teeth in a single row; color brown with irregular dendritic pale markings, not interconnected or chain-like, with oblique, conspicuous, parallel streaks posteriorly in dorsal fin. The new record of the distinctive whitish G. phasmatodes is based on an underwater photograph taken at Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The new record of Scuticaria tigrina is based on a specimen collected from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, and underwater photographs taken from the northern part of the Red Sea. Based on an integrative taxonomical approach by a combination of morphological and phylogenetic analyses and re-examination of holotype specimens, Gymnothorax cinerascens (Rüppell) is resurrected as a valid species, and it is shown that previous records of G. hepaticus (Rüppell), with which it has previously been synonymized, should refer to G. cinerascens. The true G. hepaticus is redescribed based on examination of the holotype and additional specimens collected during the course of this study. The two species are distinguished by the color of the jaws, the position of the median intermaxillary teeth, and a slight difference in the preanal length. They are also clearly distinct genetically. The Red Sea record of Gymnothorax atolli (Pietschmann) is based on an error, possibly a misidentification of G. griseus (Lacepède). A key to the species of Red Sea moray eels and a phylogenetic tree of presently known lineages of Indo-Pacific moray eels are provided including recently collected Red Sea specimens.
一篇更新的综述报道了红海的38种海鳝（海鳝科）。文中为每种海鳝提供了物种描述，以及所有来自红海的已命名物种的完整同义词表。一种海鳝为科学新物种，即法老裸胸鳝（G. pharaonis），还有两种海鳝为红海新记录物种，分别是幽灵裸胸鳝（Gymnothorax phasmatodes，史密斯命名）和虎斑副海鳝（Scuticaria tigrina，勒松命名）。法老裸胸鳝新物种（Gymnothorax pharaonis n. sp.）是一种常见物种，长期以来一直被误鉴定为波形裸胸鳝（G. undulatus，拉塞佩德命名），尽管它与珍珠裸胸鳝（G. margaritophorus，布勒克命名）更为相似，在系统发育上与之密切相关。它具有以下特征组合：脊椎骨总数123 - 128；身体细长，肛门处深度为体长的17 - 28；上颌齿双列，齿骨和犁骨齿单列；体色棕色，有不规则的树枝状浅色斑纹，互不相连或不成链状，背鳍后部有倾斜、明显的平行条纹。独特的白色幽灵裸胸鳝的新记录基于在沙特阿拉伯吉达拍摄的一张水下照片。虎斑副海鳝的新记录基于从沙特阿拉伯吉达采集的一个标本以及从红海北部拍摄的水下照片。基于形态学和系统发育分析相结合的综合分类方法以及对模式标本的重新检查，灰裸胸鳝（Gymnothorax cinerascens，吕佩尔命名）被重新认定为有效物种，并且表明之前被同义化的肝色裸胸鳝（G. hepaticus，吕佩尔命名）的记录应指灰裸胸鳝。真正的肝色裸胸鳝基于对模式标本和本研究过程中采集的其他标本的检查进行了重新描述。这两个物种通过颌部颜色、上颌间中齿的位置以及肛前长度的细微差异来区分。它们在基因上也明显不同。阿托利裸胸鳝（Gymnothorax atolli，皮茨曼命名）在红海的记录是基于一个错误，可能是对灰裸胸鳝（G. griseus，拉塞佩德命名）的误鉴定。文中提供了红海海鳝物种检索表以及包括最近采集的红海标本在内的印太海鳝已知谱系的系统发育树。
