Milken Institute School of Public Health and The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
Independent Consultant, Silver Spring, MD 20902, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Mar 27;17(7):2262. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17072262.
: Globally, 1.7 million people were newly infected with HIV in 2018. Condoms are inexpensive, cost-effective, reduce HIV/STI incidence, morbidity, mortality, and unintended pregnancies, and result in health care cost savings. Given the rapid increase in at-risk adolescent and young adult (AYA) populations in countries with high HIV/STI prevalence as well as the reductions in donor support, promoting consistent condom use remains crucial. We synthesized all peer-reviewed literature on condom promotion programs with a focus on promotion in low and lower middle income (LMIC) countries and with AYA users. : We systematically reviewed the published literature. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methods, we identified 99 articles published between 2000-2019. : Condom promotion programs were generally effective in changing attitudes, social norms, and beliefs in favor of condom use, and 85% demonstrated positive effects on multiple condom use measures. Programs targeting AYA were at least equally as effective as those targeting others and often showed greater use of best practices, such as mass media (66%) and audience segmentation (31%). We also saw differences between programs in the intervention strategies they used and found greater effects of marketing strategies on AYA compared to the overall sample. : Condoms remain essential to prevention, and donor support must be maintained to combat the HIV/STI epidemic.
全球范围内，2018 年有 170 万人新感染了 HIV。避孕套价格低廉、具有成本效益，可以降低 HIV/性传播感染的发病率、患病率、死亡率和意外怀孕率，并节省医疗保健成本。鉴于高 HIV/性传播感染流行国家的青少年和年轻成年人（AYA）风险群体迅速增加，以及捐赠者支持的减少，促进持续使用避孕套仍然至关重要。我们综合了所有关于避孕套推广计划的同行评议文献，重点关注在中低收入国家和 AYA 用户中的推广。
我们系统地审查了已发表的文献。根据系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）方法，我们确定了 2000 年至 2019 年期间发表的 99 篇文章。
避孕套推广计划通常在改变支持使用避孕套的态度、社会规范和信念方面是有效的，85%的计划对多种避孕套使用措施产生了积极影响。针对 AYA 的计划至少与针对其他人的计划同样有效，并且经常采用最佳实践，如大众媒体（66%）和受众细分（31%）。我们还观察到计划中使用的干预策略之间存在差异，并发现与总体样本相比，营销战略对 AYA 的影响更大。
避孕套仍然是预防的重要手段，必须维持捐助者的支持，以抗击 HIV/性传播感染的流行。
