Department of Gerontology and Geriatric Care, Africa Centre for Epidemiology, Accra North, Ghana.
Department of Health Care Management, International Telematic University Uninettuno, Rome, Italy.
Int Q Community Health Educ. 2021 Jan;41(2):163-172. doi: 10.1177/0272684X20915384. Epub 2020 Mar 31.
Neglect and abuse of older adults are still prevalent in communities of developing countries, a situation that could discourage active and healthy behaviors in community-dwelling older adults.
This study used the cross-sectional and correlational approaches to construct a scale measuring neglect and abuse in older adults living in the community. The study population was all (3,211) older adults who were resident in Accra and were part of the database of the Social Security and National Insurance Trust. Participants were 515 individuals who met some inclusion criteria. Three steps were followed to determine an initial set of 11 items, and principal component analysis with varimax rotation and confirmatory factor analysis were used to select relevant items and assess the psychometric properties of the final scale.
Principal component analysis with varimax rotation yielded a two-factor solution on all 11 items. The first factor extracted was "discrimination and exploitation," which accounted for a variance of 53.9% out of total variance of 70.8%. The scale had a good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = .90, factor loading ≥0.50). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the two-factor solution and produced satisfactory convergent and discriminant validity.
It is concluded that 11 items that make up 2 factors are potential indicators of neglect and abuse of older adults at the community level. Finally, neglect and abuse of older people in the community can contribute to an increase or decrease in social activity.
在发展中国家的社区中，老年人的忽视和虐待仍然很普遍，这种情况可能会阻碍社区中老年人积极健康的行为。
本研究采用横断面和相关性研究方法，构建了一个衡量社区中老年人忽视和虐待的量表。研究对象为居住在阿克拉的所有（3211 名）老年人，他们是社会保障和国家保险信托数据库的一部分。符合某些纳入标准的参与者有 515 人。通过三个步骤确定了初始的 11 个项目集，然后使用方差最大旋转的主成分分析和验证性因子分析来选择相关项目并评估最终量表的心理测量特性。
方差最大旋转的主成分分析对所有 11 个项目得出了两因素解决方案。提取的第一个因素是“歧视和剥削”，占总方差的 70.8%，其中 53.9%。该量表具有良好的内部一致性（Cronbach 的α=0.90，因子负荷≥0.50）。验证性因子分析证实了两因素解，并产生了令人满意的收敛和判别有效性。
由 2 个因素组成的 11 个项目构成了社区层面老年人忽视和虐待的潜在指标。最后，社区中老年人的忽视和虐待会导致社交活动的增加或减少。
