Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center Little Rock, AR 72202, USA.
Nutrients. 2020 Mar 22;12(3):851. doi: 10.3390/nu12030851.
Unhealthy Western-style eating patterns (WSEP) predominate, adversely affecting health. Resistance to improving dietary patterns prompts interest to incorporate a potentially health-promoting ingredient into typical WSEP foods and beverages. We assessed the effect of incorporating isocalorically matched carbohydrates versus milk protein isolate (MPI) into a WSEP on weight loss-induced changes in cardiometabolic health and body composition. In a randomized, double-blind, parallel-design study, 44 participants (age 52 ± 1 years, body mass index (BMI) 31.4 ± 0.5 kg/m, mean ± standard error) consumed a weight maintenance WSEP (0.8 g total protein/kg/day) for 3 weeks (baseline). After, participants consumed an energy-restricted (750 kcal/day below estimated requirement) WSEP for 16 weeks, randomly assigned to contain either an additional 0.7 g carbohydrate/kg/d (CON: = 23, 0.8 g total protein/kg/day) or 0.7 g protein/kg/d from MPI (MPI: n = 21, 1.5 g total protein/kg/day) incorporated into foods and beverages. Compared to CON, the MPI favored reductions in average 24 h and sleeping systolic and diastolic blood pressures (BP), waking hours systolic BP, and fasting plasma triglyceride concentrations. Reductions in fasting plasma insulin, glucose, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were not different between groups. Among all participants, whole body mass, lean mass, fat mass, and thigh muscle area, each decreased over time. For adults finding it difficult to deviate from a WSEP, replacing a portion of their carbohydrate with foods and beverages containing MPI may be an effective dietary strategy to reduce BP after weight loss.
不健康的西式饮食模式（WSEP）普遍存在，对健康产生不利影响。由于人们抵制改善饮食模式，因此有兴趣将一种潜在的促进健康的成分纳入典型的 WSEP 食品和饮料中。我们评估了在 WSEP 中同热量匹配的碳水化合物与牛奶蛋白分离物（MPI）替代部分碳水化合物对减肥引起的心血管代谢健康和身体成分变化的影响。在一项随机、双盲、平行设计的研究中，44 名参与者（年龄 52 ± 1 岁，体重指数（BMI）31.4 ± 0.5 kg/m，平均值 ± 标准误差）食用了维持体重的 WSEP（每天 0.8 克总蛋白/公斤）3 周（基线）。之后，参与者摄入了能量限制（每天比估计需求低 750 卡路里）的 WSEP 16 周，随机分为额外添加 0.7 克碳水化合物/公斤/天（CON：n = 23，每天 0.8 克总蛋白/公斤）或 0.7 克 MPI 中的蛋白质/公斤/天（MPI：n = 21，每天 1.5 克总蛋白/公斤），这些蛋白都添加到食物和饮料中。与 CON 相比，MPI 有利于降低平均 24 小时和睡眠中的收缩压和舒张压（BP）、清醒时的收缩压和空腹血浆甘油三酯浓度。空腹血浆胰岛素、葡萄糖、总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度的降低在两组之间没有差异。在所有参与者中，随着时间的推移，全身质量、瘦体重、脂肪量和大腿肌肉面积均减少。对于那些发现难以偏离 WSEP 的成年人来说，用含有 MPI 的食物和饮料替代部分碳水化合物可能是一种有效的饮食策略，可以在减肥后降低 BP。
