Key Laboratory of Modern Precision Agriculture System Integration Research, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
PLoS One. 2020 Apr 1;15(4):e0224588. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224588. eCollection 2020.
Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and water are four crucial factors that have significant effects on strawberry yield and fruit quality. We used a 11 that involved 36 treatments with five levels of each of the four variables (N, P, and K fertilizers and water) to optimize fertilization and water combination for high yield and quality. Moreover, we used the SSC/TA ratio (the ratio of soluble solid content to titratable acid) as index of quality. Results showed that N fertilizer was the most important factor, followed by water and P fertilizer, and the N fertilizer had significant effect on yield and SSC/TA ratio. By contrast, the K fertilizer had significant effect only on yield. N×K fertilizer interacted significantly on yield, whereas the other interactions among the four factors had no significant effects on yield or SSC/TA ratio. The effects of the four factors on yield and SSC/TA ratio were ranked as N fertilizer > water > K fertilizer > P fertilizer and N fertilizer > P fertilizer > water > K fertilizer, respectively. The yield and SSC/TA ratio increased when NPK fertilizer and water increased, but then decreased when excessive NPK fertilizer and water were applied. The optimal fertilizer and water combination were 22.28-24.61 g plant-1 Ca (NO3)2·4H2O, 1.75-2.03 g plant-1 NaH2PO4, 12.41-13.91 g plant-1 K2SO4, and 12.00-13.05 L water plant-1 for yields of more than 110 g plant-1 and optimal SSC/TA ratio of 8.5-14.
氮（N）、磷（P）、钾（K）和水是影响草莓产量和果实品质的四个关键因素。我们采用 11 个处理，每个处理 5 个水平，共 36 个处理，对氮、磷、钾肥料和水进行优化组合，以达到高产和优质的目的。此外，我们还使用可滴定酸与固形物比（SSC/TA 比）作为衡量果实品质的指标。结果表明，氮素是最重要的因素，其次是水和磷素，氮素对产量和 SSC/TA 比有显著影响。相比之下，钾肥仅对产量有显著影响。氮素与钾肥的交互作用对产量有显著影响，而其他四个因素之间的相互作用对产量或 SSC/TA 比没有显著影响。四个因素对产量和 SSC/TA 比的影响大小依次为氮素>水>钾素>磷素和氮素>磷素>水>钾素。氮磷钾肥料和水增加时，产量和 SSC/TA 比增加，但过量施用氮磷钾肥料和水时，产量和 SSC/TA 比降低。产量超过 110 g/株、SSC/TA 比达到 8.5-14 的最佳肥料和水组合为：每株施硝酸钙[Ca(NO3)2·4H2O]22.28-24.61 g、磷酸二氢钠[NaH2PO4]1.75-2.03 g、硫酸钾[K2SO4]12.41-13.91 g、每株用水 12.00-13.05 L。
