Yan Hui-Xin, Kong Dan-Dan, Li Xin-Yue, Fan Zhuo-Wen, Yang Mei-Hua
Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Harbin 150040,China.
Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine,Ministry of Education,Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193,China.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2019 Dec;44(23):5051-5057. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20191008.201.
In order to comprehensively analyze the pollution level and bioaccessibility of different types of heavy metals and hazardous elements in animal medicine,this paper selected Bombyx Batryticatus as the research object,and used inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry( ICP-MS) to detect As,Cu,Hg,Pb,Ni,Cr,Zn and Cd. Based on the artificial gastrointestinal digestion model and the health risk assessment model of Chinese medicinal materials,the pollution level,in vivo and in vitro transfer rate and health risk grade of eight harmful elements in the above-mentioned medicinal materials of Bombyx Batryticatus were obtained respectively. The test result was found that under the ISO international standard of Chinese medicine-Chinese herbal medicine heavy metals,the unqualified rate was 50% for Bombyx Batryticatus,which including 2 batches of As and 4 batches of Cr exceeded the MRL. In artificial gastrointestinal digestion solution,the transfer rates of heavy metals As,Cu,Hg,Pb,Ni,Cr,Zn and Cd were 36. 849%,72. 372%,41. 152%,75. 354%,46. 603%,27. 981%,19. 707% and 76. 282%,respectively. The data of risk assessment model showed that the total THQ values of the most polluted batches for adults and children was 0. 021 548 and 0. 018 418,respectively. After digestion,the THQ values decreased to 0. 012 599 for adults and 0. 010 769 for children,which were still higher than the THQ standard values of animal medicine Bombyx Batryticatus. However,the CR value of carcinogenic risk is less than 1×10-6,so the potential non-carcinogenic risk caused by taking this batch of Bombyx Batryticatus medicines is higher and the carcinogenic risk can be ignored. To sum up,heavy metals and hazardous elements in Bombyx Batryticatus still exceed the standard,but the health risk level caused by heavy metals still needs to be investigated according to different medicinal materials,in order to provide data support for further improving the quality and safety of animal medicine.
为全面分析动物药中不同类型重金属及有害元素的污染水平和生物可及性，本文选取僵蚕作为研究对象，采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定其中的砷（As）、铜（Cu）、汞（Hg）、铅（Pb）、镍（Ni）、铬（Cr）、锌（Zn）和镉（Cd）。基于人工胃肠消化模型和中药材健康风险评估模型，分别得出上述僵蚕药材中8种有害元素的污染水平、体内外转移率及健康风险等级。测试结果发现，按照中药-中药材重金属的ISO国际标准，僵蚕的不合格率为50%，其中有2批次的砷和4批次的铬超出最大残留限量（MRL）。在人工胃肠消化液中，重金属砷、铜、汞、铅、镍、铬、锌和镉的转移率分别为36.849%、72.372%、41.152%、75.354%、46.603%、27.981%、19.707%和76.282%。风险评估模型数据显示，污染最严重批次的成人和儿童总危害商（THQ）值分别为0.021548和0.018418。消化后，成人的THQ值降至0.012599，儿童降至0.010769，但仍高于僵蚕动物药的THQ标准值。然而，致癌风险的CR值小于1×10⁻⁶，因此服用这批僵蚕药材引起的潜在非致癌风险较高，致癌风险可忽略不计。综上所述，僵蚕中的重金属和有害元素仍超标，但重金属引起的健康风险水平仍需根据不同药材进行调查研究，以便为进一步提高动物药质量和安全性提供数据支持。
