Yang Xue, Liu Cheng-Li, Yang Bai-Gao, Hu Hai-Qiang, Ying Gong, Yi Guo, Chen Bo-Er, Yuan Ying, Yong-Meng He, Zhang Wei-Yi, Zhang Dan-Ping, E Guang-Xin, Li Ming-Hui
College of Animal Science and Technology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore, Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
Chongqing Agriculture and Rural Affairs Committee of Tongnan, Chongqing, China.
Anim Biotechnol. 2022 Nov;33(6):1190-1197. doi: 10.1080/10495398.2021.1880421. Epub 2021 Feb 26.
The genetic diversity and population structures of five Chongqing local chicken populations were investigated using by 24 microsatellite markers. Results revealed that the mean number of alleles () ranged from 7.08 (Daninghe chicken, DN) to 8.46 (Nanchuan chicken, NC). The highest observed heterozygosity () and expected heterozygosity () were observed in DN ( = 0.7252; = 0.7409) and the lowest and were observed in XS (Xiushan native chicken [XS], = 0.5910 and = 0.6697). The inbreeding coefficient () within population ranged from 0.022 (DN) to 0.119 (XS). Among the 24 microsatellite markers, four loci (, , , and ) deviated from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in all the studied populations. The results of population polygenetic analysis based on Nei's genetic distance and STRUCTURE software showed that the clustering of the five populations was incomplete consistent with geographical distribution. Moreover, a large number of gene flows were widespread among different populations, suggesting that genetic material exchanges occurred due to human activities and migration which was also verified by . In summary, this study preliminarily showed that Chongqing local chicken populations had rich genetic diversity and remarkable genetic divergence, but still high risk in conversion. These findings would be useful to the management of conservation strategies and the utilization of local chicken populations in further.
利用24个微卫星标记对重庆5个地方鸡种群体的遗传多样性和群体结构进行了研究。结果表明，等位基因平均数（）范围为7.08（大宁河鸡，DN）至8.46（南川鸡，NC）。观察到的最高杂合度（）和期望杂合度（）出现在DN群体中（ = 0.7252； = 0.7409），最低的和出现在XS群体中（秀山土鸡[XS]， = 0.5910， = 0.6697）。群体内近交系数（）范围为0.022（DN）至0.119（XS）。在24个微卫星标记中，4个位点（，，，和）在所有研究群体中均偏离哈迪-温伯格平衡。基于Nei氏遗传距离和STRUCTURE软件的群体多基因分析结果表明，5个群体的聚类与地理分布不完全一致。此外，不同群体间存在大量的基因流，表明由于人类活动和迁移导致了遗传物质的交换，这也得到了的验证。总之，本研究初步表明重庆地方鸡种群体具有丰富的遗传多样性和显著的遗传分化，但在品种改良中仍存在较高风险。这些研究结果将有助于进一步制定地方鸡种群体的保护策略和利用措施。
