Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
Arch Toxicol. 2020 Jun;94(6):1915-1939. doi: 10.1007/s00204-020-02717-2. Epub 2020 Apr 2.
Due to its unique physical structure and chemical properties, graphene family nanomaterials (GFNs) and derived commodities have been widely used in commercial products, particularly biomedical applications, which has significantly increased the risk of human exposure. There exists significant evidence that GFNs are accumulated in a number of tissues and organs through different exposure pathways, and further cause toxicity manifested as lesions or functional impairment. Moreover, GFNs can be internalized by varing cell types and induce cytoskeletal disorders, organelle dysfunction, and interact directly with biological macromolecules such as DNA, mRNA and proteins, ultimately resulting in greater rates of cell apoptosis, necrosis and autophagic cell death. The toxicological effect of GFN is closely related to its lateral size, surface structure, functionalization, and propensity to adsorb proteins. Using major data published over the past four years, this review presents and summarizes state of current understanding of GFN toxicology and identifies current deficiencies and challenges. This review aims to help improve evaluation of the biocompatibility of GFNs and provides theoretical guidance for their safe application.
由于其独特的物理结构和化学性质，石墨烯家族纳米材料（GFNs）及其衍生产品已被广泛应用于商业产品，特别是在生物医药领域，这大大增加了人类暴露于 GFNs 的风险。有大量证据表明，GFNs 通过不同的暴露途径在许多组织和器官中积累，并进一步引起毒性表现为病变或功能障碍。此外，GFNs 可以被不同的细胞类型内化，并诱导细胞骨架紊乱、细胞器功能障碍，以及与生物大分子如 DNA、mRNA 和蛋白质直接相互作用，最终导致更高的细胞凋亡、坏死和自噬细胞死亡。GFNs 的毒性作用与其横向尺寸、表面结构、功能化和吸附蛋白质的倾向密切相关。利用过去四年发表的主要数据，本综述介绍并总结了目前对 GFNs 毒理学的认识状况，并确定了当前的不足和挑战。本综述旨在帮助提高对 GFNs 生物相容性的评估，并为其安全应用提供理论指导。
