Diabetes Research Group, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Group Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
Endocrine Laboratory, Endocrine Research Unit, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany.
Metabolism. 2020 Jun;107:154219. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154219. Epub 2020 Mar 30.
An adequate metabolic and hormonal response to the switch from rest to exercise is critical for the health benefits of exercise interventions. Previous work suggests that this response is impaired with overweight/obesity but the specific differences between overweight/obese and lean individuals remain unclear.
We compared glucose and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) regulation and the changes of key homeostatic hormones during 45 min of moderate exercise between 17 overweight/obese and 28 lean premenopausal women. For this comparison, we implemented an exercise protocol at 60% of individual peak oxygen uptake, with frequent blood sampling and under fasting conditions.
We found that at the same exercise intensity in the overweight/obese and the lean group of women, the metabolic and hormonal response differed. In contrast to the lean group, the overweight/obese group portrayed an activation in the stress axis (adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)/cortisol) and a lower growth hormone (hGH) response and exercise-increase of plasma NEFA. Both groups, however, displayed increased insulin sensitivity during exercise that was accompanied by a normalization of the elevated fasting glucose in the overweight/obese group after 15-20 min.
We conclude that the response to exercise in overweight/obese subjects indeed differs from that in lean individuals. Additionally, we demonstrate that exercise can elicit beneficial (improved glucose regulation) and unwanted effects (stress axis activation) in overweight/obese subjects at the same time. This second finding suggests that exercise interventions for overweight/obese subjects need careful consideration of intensity and dose in order to achieve the intended results and avoid acute, undesired reactions.
从休息切换到运动时，代谢和激素的充分反应对运动干预的健康益处至关重要。先前的研究表明，超重/肥胖会损害这种反应，但超重/肥胖者和瘦人之间的具体差异仍不清楚。
我们比较了 17 名超重/肥胖和 28 名瘦绝经前女性在 45 分钟中度运动期间葡萄糖和非酯化脂肪酸（NEFA）的调节以及关键激素的变化。为了进行比较，我们在个体峰值摄氧量的 60%下实施了运动方案，进行频繁的血液采样，并在禁食条件下进行。
我们发现，在超重/肥胖和瘦女性组的相同运动强度下，代谢和激素反应不同。与瘦组相比，超重/肥胖组表现出应激轴（促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）/皮质醇）的激活以及生长激素（hGH）反应和运动引起的血浆 NEFA 增加降低。然而，两组在运动期间均表现出胰岛素敏感性增加，同时超重/肥胖组的空腹血糖升高在 15-20 分钟后恢复正常。
我们得出的结论是，超重/肥胖者对运动的反应确实与瘦人不同。此外，我们证明，运动可以在超重/肥胖者同时产生有益的（改善葡萄糖调节）和不良的（应激轴激活）作用。这第二个发现表明，超重/肥胖者的运动干预需要仔细考虑强度和剂量，以达到预期的结果并避免急性、不良的反应。
