School of Physical Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Apr 12;19(8):4638. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19084638.
A systematic review and meta-analysis is conducted to compare the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) combined with fasting (HIIT + fasting) and other interventions (HIIT alone, fasting alone, or normal intervention) in adults with overweight and obesity on body composition (body mass, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), percent fat mass (PFM), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM)), maximal oxygen uptake (VO), and glucose metabolism (fasting plasma glucose (FPG)), fasting plasma insulin (FPI)).
The databases of PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embace, Web of Science, CNKI, Wangfang Data, and CBM were searched from their inception to February 2022. Randomized controlled trials comparing the effects of HIIT + fasting and other interventions on adults with overweight and obesity were included in this meta-analysis. The risk of bias was assessed by the Cochrane risk of bias tool. The effect size was completed by using mean difference (MD) and standard deviation. If there were varying units or large differences among the included studies, the standardized mean difference (SMD) would be used. The certainty of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE).
Nine randomized controlled trials with 230 overweight and obese adults were conducted in accordance with our inclusion criteria. The results of the meta-analysis revealed that compared to the control group HIIT + fasting had better effects on the body mass, WC, FM, and VO, while there were no significant differences in PFM, FFM, FPG, and FPI.
Despite the number of included trials being small and the GRADE of all outcomes being very low, HIIT + fasting has a positive effect on the body composition of overweight and obese adults, and significantly improves VO. For adults with overweight and obesity who have long-term comorbidity, HIIT + fasting was a better way to improve FPG than HIIT alone or fasting alone. More studies are required to investigate different combinations of HIIT + fasting; and the safety of HIIT + fasting intervention on overweight and obese adults.
系统评价和荟萃分析比较了高强度间歇训练（HIIT）联合禁食（HIIT+禁食）与其他干预措施（HIIT 单独、禁食单独或常规干预）在超重和肥胖成年人中对身体成分（体重、体重指数（BMI）、腰围（WC）、体脂百分比（PFM）、脂肪量（FM）、去脂体重（FFM））、最大摄氧量（VO2）和葡萄糖代谢（空腹血糖（FPG））、空腹血浆胰岛素（FPI））的影响。
检索 PubMed、Cochrane 图书馆、Embase、Web of Science、CNKI、万方数据和 CBM 数据库，从建库至 2022 年 2 月。纳入比较 HIIT+禁食和其他干预措施对超重和肥胖成年人影响的随机对照试验。采用 Cochrane 偏倚风险工具评估偏倚风险。采用均数差（MD）和标准差评估效应量。若纳入研究存在不同单位或差异较大，则采用标准化均数差（SMD）。采用推荐评估、制定与评价（GRADE）分级评估证据质量。
根据纳入标准，共纳入 9 项随机对照试验，涉及 230 例超重和肥胖成年人。荟萃分析结果显示，与对照组相比，HIIT+禁食对体重、WC、FM 和 VO2 的效果更好，而 PFM、FFM、FPG 和 FPI 无显著差异。
尽管纳入试验数量较少，所有结局的 GRADE 均为极低质量，但 HIIT+禁食对超重和肥胖成年人的身体成分有积极影响，显著改善 VO2。对于长期合并症的超重和肥胖成年人，与 HIIT 单独或禁食单独相比，HIIT+禁食改善 FPG 的效果更好。需要更多研究来探讨 HIIT+禁食的不同组合方式，以及 HIIT+禁食干预对超重和肥胖成年人的安全性。
