Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
Autoimmun Rev. 2020 Aug;19(8):102530. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102530. Epub 2020 Mar 30.
As a gigantic community in the human body, the microbiota exerts pleiotropic roles in human health and disease ranging from digestion and absorption of nutrients from food, defense against infection of pathogens, to regulation of immune system development and immune homeostasis. Recent advances in "omics" studies and bioinformatics analyses have broadened our insights of the microbiota composition of the inner and other surfaces of the body and their interactions with the host. Apart from the direct contact of microbes at the mucosal barrier, metabolites produced or metabolized by the gut microbes can serve as important immune regulators or initiators in a wide variety of diseases, including gastrointestinal diseases, metabolic disorders and systemic rheumatic diseases. This review focuses on the most recent understanding of how the microbiota and metabolites shape rheumatic diseases. Studies that explore the mechanistic interplay between microbes, metabolites and the host could thereby provide clues for novel methods in the diagnosis, therapy, and prevention of rheumatic diseases.
作为人体中的一个巨大社区，微生物群在人类健康和疾病中发挥着多种作用，从消化和吸收食物中的营养物质、抵御病原体感染，到调节免疫系统的发育和免疫稳态。“组学”研究和生物信息学分析的最新进展拓宽了我们对体内和身体其他表面的微生物群落组成及其与宿主相互作用的认识。除了微生物在黏膜屏障上的直接接触外，肠道微生物产生或代谢的代谢产物也可以作为多种疾病（包括胃肠道疾病、代谢紊乱和系统性风湿性疾病）的重要免疫调节剂或启动子。这篇综述重点介绍了微生物群和代谢产物如何影响风湿性疾病的最新认识。研究微生物、代谢产物和宿主之间的相互作用机制可以为风湿性疾病的诊断、治疗和预防提供新的方法。
