Finkelhor David, Walsh Kerryann, Jones Lisa, Mitchell Kimberly, Collier Anne
Crimes Against Children Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA.
Faculty of Education, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Trauma Violence Abuse. 2021 Dec;22(5):1233-1247. doi: 10.1177/1524838020916257. Epub 2020 Apr 3.
This review critically examines the messages of youth internet safety education programs in the light of research about both the dynamics of internet dangers and the efficacy of youth prevention education.
Using terms "internet safety education" and "digital citizenship," a Google search identified 12 multi-topic safety programs. Review articles were identified via Google Scholar for six forms of online harm to youth that have been targeted by many of these programs: cyberbullying (19 articles); online sexual exploitation (23 articles); sexting (19 articles); online fraud, hacking, and identity theft (6 articles); online suicide and self-harm promotion (18 articles); and internet overuse or addiction (15 articles).
There appear to be mismatches between dynamics revealed in the research about internet harms and the messages emphasized in educational programs, particularly on the issues of sexual exploitation and sexting. Overall, the review literature also suggests major advantages to integrating internet safety into already well-established and evidence-based programs currently addressing related harms, for example, programs focusing on general bullying, dating abuse, or sexual abuse prevention. The advantages stem from four factors: (1) the considerable overlap between online harms and similar off-line harms, (2) the apparent greater prevalence of off-line harms, (3) the evidence that the same risk factors lie behind both online and off-line harms, and most importantly, (4) the substantially superior evidence base for the longer standing programs developed originally around the off-line harms.
本综述根据有关网络危险动态和青少年预防教育效果的研究，批判性地审视了青少年网络安全教育项目所传达的信息。
通过使用“网络安全教育”和“数字公民”等术语，在谷歌上进行搜索，确定了12个多主题安全项目。通过谷歌学术搜索，找出了针对许多此类项目所针对的六种青少年在线伤害形式的综述文章：网络欺凌（19篇文章）；在线性剥削（23篇文章）；发送色情短信（19篇文章）；网络欺诈、黑客攻击和身份盗窃（6篇文章）；在线自杀和自我伤害宣传（18篇文章）；以及网络过度使用或成瘾（15篇文章）。
关于网络伤害的研究所揭示的动态与教育项目中强调的信息之间似乎存在不匹配，特别是在性剥削和发送色情短信问题上。总体而言，综述文献还表明，将网络安全纳入目前正在解决相关伤害的既定且有证据支持的项目中具有重大优势，例如，专注于一般欺凌、约会虐待或预防性虐待的项目。这些优势源于四个因素：（1）在线伤害与类似的线下伤害之间存在相当大的重叠，（2）线下伤害的发生率明显更高，（3）有证据表明在线和线下伤害背后存在相同的风险因素，最重要的是，（4）最初围绕线下伤害制定的长期项目有实质上更优越的证据基础。
