Blyschak N, Nebesna Z, Borys R, Kyryk Kh, Dzhalilova E
1Lviv National Medical University named after Danil Galitsky, Ukraine.
2I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ministry of Health of Ukraine.
Georgian Med News. 2020 Feb(299):125-131.
Electron microscopic investigations of the animals' submandibular gland, conducted in 6 weeks of the experiment, established that ultrastructural changes increase in glandular cells of terminal secretory units in comparison with early period of the experiment. Serocytes have osmiophilic, rather small or picnotic nuclei. Perinuclear spaces of karyolemma are uneven, external nuclear membrane forms local protrusions. Electron density of the karyoplasm is significant, appearing homogenous, nuclei are not observed. Evident submicroscopic changes in blood capillaries of the submandibular gland in experimental diabetes mellitus indicate the impairment of blood-tissue barrier and transcapillary exchange. Deep destructive modifications of all branches of microcirculatory blood flow of the submandibular gland are observed in 8-week course of experimental diabetes mellitus. As compared with the 6th week of investigation, a reliable slight dilation of organ artery diameter, dilation of the diameter of interlobular arterioles, dilation of the diameter of intralobular (precapillary) arteriole and dilation of the capillary diameter were observed. Dilation, as compared to 6th weeks of the experiment, of postcapillary venules was observed. Compared to the indices of the 6th weeks of the experiment, an index of trophic activity of the submandibular gland tissuereaches its maximum meaning and an index of packing density of the capillaries reaches its minimum meaning. Capillary network loses delicate, tortuous pattern and often breaks due to destruction of the capillary component. Arteriovenous anastomoses dilate and blood from the arterioles flows into the venous bed avoiding destructed capillaries. Venules are dilated; thin-walled, retained fragments of the capillaries are significantly dilated in some areas. Swelling of connective tissue stroma and significant swelling of the interstitium are observed. Walls of the capillaries and venules are deformed. The walls of the arterioles are thickened due to plasmorrhagia, sclerosis and hyalinosis.
在实验的第6周对动物下颌下腺进行的电子显微镜检查发现，与实验早期相比，终末分泌单位的腺细胞超微结构变化增加。浆液性腺细胞具有嗜锇性、相当小或固缩的细胞核。核膜的核周间隙不均匀，核外膜形成局部突起。核质的电子密度显著，呈均匀状，未见细胞核。实验性糖尿病下颌下腺毛细血管明显的亚微观变化表明血组织屏障和跨毛细血管交换受损。在实验性糖尿病8周病程中观察到下颌下腺微循环血流所有分支的深度破坏性改变。与第6周的研究相比，观察到器官动脉直径可靠地轻微扩张、小叶间小动脉直径扩张、小叶内（毛细血管前）小动脉直径扩张和毛细血管直径扩张。观察到毛细血管后微静脉与实验第6周相比有所扩张。与实验第6周的指标相比，下颌下腺组织的营养活性指数达到最大值，毛细血管的填充密度指数达到最小值。毛细血管网失去精细、曲折的形态，常因毛细血管成分破坏而断裂。动静脉吻合支扩张，小动脉血液流入静脉床以避开受损的毛细血管。微静脉扩张；薄壁的、留存的毛细血管片段在某些区域明显扩张。观察到结缔组织基质肿胀和间质明显肿胀。毛细血管和微静脉壁变形。小动脉壁因血浆外渗、硬化和玻璃样变性而增厚。
