Institute of Nutrition Sciences, Kagawa Nutrition University, Saitama 350-0288, Japan.
School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6845, Australia.
Nutrients. 2020 Mar 20;12(3):830. doi: 10.3390/nu12030830.
The present study aimed to examine associations between body image and under-reporting in female Japanese university students enrolled in a nutrition degree program. A total of 100 participants (aged 18-29 years) completed (1) a self-administered questionnaire including the Ben-Tovim Walker Body Attitudes Questionnaire (BAQ), (2) a dietary assessment using a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ), (3) a physical activity assessment using Bouchard's Physical Activity Record (BAR) and a tri-axial accelerometer, (4) detailed anthropometry, and (5) body composition assessment. Based on the energy intake to basal metabolic rate ratio (EI:BMR) and using a cut-off point of 1.35, 67% of participants were considered under-reporters (URs). While there was no between-group difference in BMI, URs had significantly ( < 0.05) greater percentage body fat (%BF) and trunk fat (%TF) compared with non-URs. Regression analyses indicated accuracy of body perception and a discrepancy between current and ideal weight were associated with EI:BMR, whereas the salience subscale of the BAQ was associated with reported EI. The study raises concerns regarding the validity of EI reported from young Japanese females as they are known to have a strong preoccupation with thinness, even with an acceptable BMI and health and nutritional knowledge.
本研究旨在探讨日本营养专业女大学生体像与低报饮食之间的关系。共纳入 100 名 18-29 岁的参与者，完成（1）一份包括 Ben-Tovim Walker 身体态度问卷（BAQ）在内的自填式问卷，（2）使用简短型自填式饮食史问卷（BDHQ）进行饮食评估，（3）使用 Bouchard 的体力活动记录（BAR）和三轴加速度计进行体力活动评估，（4）详细的人体测量学评估，以及（5）身体成分评估。根据能量摄入与基础代谢率的比值（EI:BMR），并使用 1.35 的截断点，67%的参与者被认为是低报者（URs）。虽然 BMI 无组间差异，但与非 UR 相比，UR 的体脂百分比（%BF）和躯干脂肪百分比（%TF）显著更高（<0.05）。回归分析表明，身体感知的准确性和当前体重与理想体重之间的差异与 EI:BMR 相关，而 BAQ 的显著性子量表与报告的 EI 相关。该研究对年轻日本女性报告的 EI 的有效性提出了担忧，因为她们普遍对瘦有着强烈的关注，即使 BMI 和健康以及营养知识都处于可接受水平。
