Yoshinaga Iori, Yasutake Kenichiro, Moriguchi Ririko, Imai Katsumi, Abe Shimako, Ono Misaki, Ueno Hiromi, Watanabe Keiko, Kato Masaki, Nakano Shuji, Kawate Hisaya
Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, Nakamura Gakuen University, Fukuoka 814-0198, Japan.
Health Promotion Center, Nakamura Gakuen University, Fukuoka 814-0198, Japan.
Exp Ther Med. 2023 Jan 12;25(2):97. doi: 10.3892/etm.2023.11795. eCollection 2023 Feb.
Underreporting is a problem in dietary surveys, and data on Japanese individuals with obesity are lacking. In addition, in dietary surveys of individuals with obesity, underreporting and extreme energy restrictive practices for short periods of time have been reported, and blood total ketone levels (ketone bodies) may be able to distinguish between these factors. The present study aimed to examine the relationship between underreporting [energy intake (EI)/basal metabolic rate estimate (BMR)] and ketone bodies in obese Japanese women. The participants included 91 women with obesity aged 47±9 years with a body mass index (BMI) of 29.8±3.9 kg/m² who met the exclusion criteria out of 164 individuals who participated in an institutional cohort study baseline survey between September 2006 and September 2015. The current study defined the relationship between EI/BMR, BMI and the participants' ketone body levels. EI/BMR <1.35 and ketone body level <1.0 mmol/l was defined as underreporters, while EI/BMR <1.35 and ketone body level ≥1.0 mmol/l was defined as energy-restricted reporters based on previous research. The EI/BMR of the participants was 1.44±0.32, and 25.3% had an abnormally high level of ketone bodies. Multiple regression analysis indicated that ketone bodies were explanatory variables for EI/BMR. Analysis using EI/BMR and ketone bodies estimated that 26.4% were underreporters and 12.1% were energy-restricted reporters. There were no significant differences in reported energy intake, carbohydrate intake (g/day), and percentage carbohydrate (%) between the underreporters and energy-restricted reporters. In conclusion, low EI/BMR was associated with high ketone body levels in Japanese women with obesity. The combination of EI/BMR and ketone bodies may distinguish between or screen for underreporters and energy-restricted reporters during a dietary survey.
漏报是膳食调查中的一个问题，目前缺乏有关日本肥胖个体的数据。此外，在肥胖个体的膳食调查中，已报告存在漏报和短期内极端能量限制行为，血液总酮水平（酮体）或许能够区分这些因素。本研究旨在探讨日本肥胖女性中漏报[能量摄入（EI）/基础代谢率估计值（BMR）]与酮体之间的关系。参与者包括91名年龄为47±9岁、体重指数（BMI）为29.8±3.9kg/m²的肥胖女性，她们是在2006年9月至2015年9月期间参加机构队列研究基线调查的164名个体中符合排除标准的人员。本研究确定了EI/BMR、BMI与参与者酮体水平之间的关系。根据先前的研究，EI/BMR<1.35且酮体水平<1.0mmol/L被定义为漏报者，而EI/BMR<1.35且酮体水平≥1.0mmol/L被定义为能量限制报告者。参与者的EI/BMR为1.44±0.32，25.3%的人酮体水平异常高。多元回归分析表明，酮体是EI/BMR的解释变量。使用EI/BMR和酮体进行分析估计，26.4%为漏报者，12.1%为能量限制报告者。漏报者和能量限制报告者在报告的能量摄入、碳水化合物摄入量（克/天）和碳水化合物百分比（%）方面没有显著差异。总之，低EI/BMR与日本肥胖女性的高酮体水平相关。在膳食调查期间，EI/BMR和酮体的组合可能有助于区分或筛查漏报者和能量限制报告者。
