Division of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland.
Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Ackerstrasse 113, 5070 Frick, Switzerland.
Nutrients. 2020 Mar 20;12(3):833. doi: 10.3390/nu12030833.
Unhealthy diets are commonly associated with increased disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from noncommunicable diseases. The association between DALYs and dietary patterns can be quantified with individual longitudinal data. This assessment, however, is often based on dietary data collected once at cohort entry, therefore reflecting the impact of "old" dietary habits on morbidity and mortality. To overcome this limitation, we tested the association of contemporary diets with DALYs. First, we defined contemporary dietary patterns consumed in Switzerland with the national nutrition survey menuCH (2014-2015). Second, we identified individuals who consumed similar diets in the NRP-MONICA census-linked cohort (1977-2015). In this cohort, individual data on disease and mortality were used to calculate the DALYs-dietary patterns association using a mixed regression model. A total of 58,771 DALYs from NCDs were recorded in a mean follow-up time of 25.5 years. After multivariable adjustments, the "Swiss traditional" pattern was not associated with an increase in DALYs compared to the "Prudent" pattern. However, individuals following a "Western" pattern had, on average 0.29 DALYs (95% CI 0.02, 0.56) more than those following a "Prudent" pattern, equating to a loss of healthy life of more than three months. These data highlight the feasibility of quantifying the impact of contemporary diets on DALYs without the establishment of new cohorts or the use of nationally aggregated data.
不健康的饮食通常与非传染性疾病导致的伤残调整生命年（DALY）增加有关。DALY 与饮食模式之间的关联可以通过个体纵向数据进行量化。然而，这种评估通常基于在队列入组时收集的一次饮食数据，因此反映了“旧”饮食习惯对发病率和死亡率的影响。为了克服这一局限性，我们测试了当代饮食与 DALY 之间的关联。首先，我们使用全国营养调查菜单 CH（2014-2015）定义了瑞士人所消费的当代饮食模式。其次，我们在 NRP-MONICA 普查链接队列（1977-2015）中识别出了那些消费相似饮食的个体。在该队列中，个体的疾病和死亡数据用于使用混合回归模型计算 DALY-饮食模式的关联。在平均 25.5 年的随访时间内，共记录了 58771 例来自非传染性疾病的 DALY。经过多变量调整后，与“谨慎”模式相比，“瑞士传统”模式与 DALY 增加无关。然而，与“谨慎”模式相比，遵循“西方”模式的个体平均多 0.29 DALY（95%CI 0.02，0.56），相当于失去了超过三个月的健康寿命。这些数据强调了在不建立新队列或使用全国汇总数据的情况下，量化当代饮食对 DALY 影响的可行性。
