Robinson S M, York D A
Department of Nutrition, University of Southampton, UK.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 1988 Jul;42(7):551-9.
The 4-h thermic responses to glucose and a liquid formula meal (Study 1), and to a solid food 'breakfast' meal and the liquid formula meal (Study 2) were measured in a group of young weight-stable female subjects. The groups recruited for the two studies consisted of nine smokers and seven non-smokers (Study 1) and six smokers and eight non-smokers (Study 2). The habitual smokers presented after a 12-h abstention from cigarettes but were permitted to smoke following the meal; their thermic responses were thus due to the combined thermogenic effects of smoking and feeding. The mean thermic responses to all three types of meal were greater for the smokers than for the non-smokers, and the magnitude of this difference was similar irrespective of the type of meal given (range 52 kJ-70 kJ). The thermic responses to the liquid formula meal tended to be greater than those to an isocaloric glucose load for smokers and non-smokers (Study 1). In Study 2, the increase in energy expenditure occurring during the first hour following the 'breakfast' meal was consistently greater than the 1-h response to the liquid formula meal. The larger thermic response to feeding to all three meal-types observed in the groups of smokers when compared with non-smokers, is attributed to the actions of cigarettes smoked (mean 4.6) during the period of measurement. It is concluded that whilst the thermic response to feeding is augmented in cigarette smokers this increase is an additive effect and is independent of the size and nature of the thermic effect of the meal.
在一组体重稳定的年轻女性受试者中，测量了对葡萄糖和流质配方膳食（研究1），以及对固体食物“早餐”膳食和流质配方膳食（研究2）的4小时热效应。两项研究招募的组分别包括9名吸烟者和7名非吸烟者（研究1）以及6名吸烟者和8名非吸烟者（研究2）。习惯性吸烟者在戒烟12小时后参与实验，但允许在餐后吸烟；因此，她们的热效应是吸烟和进食产生的产热效应的综合结果。吸烟者对所有三种类型膳食的平均热效应均高于非吸烟者，且无论给予何种类型的膳食，这种差异的幅度相似（范围为52千焦至70千焦）。吸烟者和非吸烟者对流质配方膳食的热效应往往高于对等热量葡萄糖负荷的热效应（研究1）。在研究2中，“早餐”膳食后第一小时内发生的能量消耗增加始终大于对流质配方膳食的1小时反应。与非吸烟者相比，吸烟者组对所有三种膳食类型进食的热效应更大，这归因于测量期间所吸香烟（平均4.6支）的作用。得出的结论是，虽然吸烟者对进食的热效应增强，但这种增加是一种累加效应，并且与膳食热效应的大小和性质无关。
