Department of Psychological Sciences, Ogden College of Science and Engineering, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, 42101-2030, USA.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2021 Feb;83(2):577-585. doi: 10.3758/s13414-020-02031-0.
Two experiments evaluated the importance of temporal integration for the perception and discrimination of solid object shape. In Experiment 1, observers anorthoscopically viewed moving or stationary cast shadows of naturally shaped solid objects (bell peppers, Capsicum annuum) through narrow (4-mm wide) slits. At any given moment, observers could only see a very small portion of the overall object shape (generally less than 10%). The results showed that the observers' discrimination performance for the moving cast shadows was much higher than that obtained for the stationary shadows, demonstrating the ability to temporally integrate the piecemeal momentary information about shape that was available through the narrow apertures. In a second experiment, estimates of the strength of the observers' impressions of solid shapes rotating in depth were obtained as well as discrimination accuracies; perceptions of the original moving condition were compared with a new condition where the frames of the apparent motion sequences depicting solid objects in continuous motion (behind the slits) were randomly scrambled. The observers perceived the anorthoscopic displays as depicting solid objects rotating in depth, but only in the continuous motion condition. Interestingly, the discrimination performance in the scrambled condition remained relatively high-observers were still able to integrate information across the multiple scrambled frames in order to produce discrimination performance that was significantly higher than that obtained in the stationary shadow condition. This study was the first to thoroughly evaluate whether and to what extent human observers can effectively discriminate and perceive solid object shape anorthoscopically.
两个实验评估了时间整合对于固体物体形状感知和辨别能力的重要性。在实验 1 中，观察者通过狭窄的（4 毫米宽）狭缝正前方立体观看自然形状的固体物体（辣椒，Capsicum annuum）的移动或静止的投影。在任何给定的时刻，观察者只能看到物体整体形状的一小部分（通常小于 10%）。结果表明，观察者对移动投影的辨别性能远高于对静止投影的辨别性能，这表明能够对通过狭窄孔径获得的有关形状的零碎瞬间信息进行时间整合。在第二个实验中，还获得了观察者对在深度中旋转的固体形状的印象强度的估计以及辨别精度；将原始的运动条件与新的条件进行了比较，在新的条件下，描绘连续运动的固体物体（在狭缝后面）的明显运动序列的帧被随机打乱。观察者将正前方立体显示视为描绘在深度中旋转的固体物体，但仅在连续运动条件下。有趣的是，在打乱条件下的辨别性能仍然相对较高——观察者仍然能够跨多个打乱的帧进行信息整合，从而产生的辨别性能明显高于在静止阴影条件下的辨别性能。这项研究首次全面评估了人类观察者是否能够有效地在正前方立体视觉中辨别和感知固体物体形状，以及在何种程度上能够进行有效辨别和感知。
