Department of Psychological Sciences, Ogden College of Science and Engineering, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Blvd. #22030, Bowling Green, KY, 42101-2030, USA.
Center for Applied Science in Health and Aging, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, 42101-2030, USA.
Sci Rep. 2023 Aug 7;13(1):12748. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-40068-x.
It has been known for more than 160 years that highly occluded objects that would normally be visually unrecognizable can be successfully identified when they move. This anorthoscopic perception relies on the visual system's ability to integrate information over time to complete the perception of an entire object's shape. In this experiment, 16 younger and older adults (mean ages were 20.5 and 74.6 years, respectively) were familiarized with the (unoccluded) shapes of five naturally-shaped objects (bell peppers, Capsicum annuum) until they could be easily identified (i.e., with accuracies of at least 90 percent correct). All observers then viewed the stimulus objects anorthoscopically as they moved behind narrow slits; only small object fragments could be seen at any given time, because the objects were almost totally occluded from view. Even though the object identification performance for all observers was equivalent when whole object shapes were visible, a large age-related deficit in object identification emerged during anorthoscopic viewing such that the younger adults' identification performance was 45.4 percent higher than that of the older adults. This first ever study of aging and anorthoscopic perception demonstrates that there is an age-related deficit in performing the temporal integration needed for successful object recognition.
160 多年来，人们已经知道，当高度遮挡的物体移动时，即使它们原本在视觉上无法识别，也可以被成功识别。这种无阻碍知觉依赖于视觉系统随着时间推移整合信息的能力，从而完成对整个物体形状的感知。在这项实验中，16 名年轻成年人和老年人（平均年龄分别为 20.5 岁和 74.6 岁）熟悉了五个自然形状物体（甜椒、Capsicum annuum）的形状，直到他们可以轻松识别（即准确率至少为 90%）。然后，所有观察者都以无阻碍的方式观察移动中的刺激物体，此时只能看到很小的物体碎片，因为物体几乎完全被遮挡住了。尽管所有观察者在整个物体形状可见时的物体识别表现都相同，但在无阻碍观察时，会出现与年龄相关的巨大物体识别缺陷，以至于年轻成年人的识别表现比老年人高出 45.4%。这是首次研究年龄和无阻碍知觉，证明在执行成功的物体识别所需的时间整合方面存在与年龄相关的缺陷。
