Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Australia.
Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
FEBS J. 2021 Jan;288(1):81-90. doi: 10.1111/febs.15316. Epub 2020 Apr 21.
Cancer tissue is not homogenous, and individual metastases at different anatomical locations can differ from the primary tumor and from one another in both their morphology and cellular composition, even within an individual patient. Tumors are composed of cancer cells and a range of other cell types, which, together with a variety of secreted molecules, collectively comprise the tumor microenvironment (TME). Cells of the TME can communicate with each other and with distant tissues in a form of molecular cross-talk to influence their growth and function. Cross-talk between cancer cells and local immune cells is well described and can lead to the induction of local immunosuppression. Recently, it has become apparent that tumors located remotely from each other, can engage in cross-talk that can influence their responsiveness to various therapies, including immunotherapy. In this article, we review studies that describe how tumors systemically communicate with distant tissues through motile cells, extracellular vesicles, and secreted molecules that can affect their function. In addition, we summarize evidence from mouse studies and the clinic that indicate an ability of some tumors to influence the progression and therapeutic responses of other tumors in different anatomical locations.
癌症组织不是同质的，不同解剖部位的个别转移灶在形态和细胞组成上既不同于原发肿瘤，也不同于彼此，即使在同一患者中也是如此。肿瘤由癌细胞和一系列其他细胞类型组成，这些细胞类型与各种分泌分子一起构成了肿瘤微环境（TME）。TME 中的细胞可以通过分子串扰相互交流，并与远处的组织交流，从而影响它们的生长和功能。癌细胞与局部免疫细胞之间的串扰已得到充分描述，并可导致局部免疫抑制的诱导。最近，人们已经清楚地认识到，即使相距遥远的肿瘤也可以通过移动细胞、细胞外囊泡和分泌分子进行交流，从而影响它们对各种治疗方法（包括免疫疗法）的反应性。在本文中，我们回顾了描述肿瘤如何通过游动细胞、细胞外囊泡和分泌分子与远处组织进行系统性通信的研究，这些分子可以影响它们的功能。此外，我们还总结了来自小鼠研究和临床的证据，表明一些肿瘤有能力影响不同解剖部位的其他肿瘤的进展和治疗反应。
