Department of Biology, University of British Columbia , Kelowna, Canada.
Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia , Kelowna, Canada.
Gut Microbes. 2020 Sep 2;11(5):1143-1171. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1736973. Epub 2020 Apr 5.
Colonization of the gastrointestinal tract with microorganisms during infancy represents a critical control point for shaping life-long immune-mediated disease susceptibility. Abnormal colonization or an imbalance of microbes, termed dysbiosis, is implicated in several diseases. Consequently, recent research has aimed at understanding ways to manipulate a dysbiotic microbiome during infancy to resemble a normal, healthy microbiome. However, one of the fundamental issues in microbiome research is characterizing what a "normal" infant microbiome is based on geography, ethnicity and cultural variations. This review provides a comprehensive account of what is currently known about the infant microbiome from a global context. In general, this review shows that the influence of cultural variations in feeding practices, delivery modes and hygiene are the biggest contributors to microbial variability. Despite geography or race, all humans have similar microbial succession during infancy.
婴儿期胃肠道微生物定植是影响终生免疫介导性疾病易感性的关键控制点。异常定植或微生物失衡（称为菌群失调）与多种疾病有关。因此，最近的研究旨在探索在婴儿期操纵失调的微生物组以使其类似于正常健康微生物组的方法。然而，微生物组研究的一个基本问题是根据地理位置、种族和文化差异来描述“正常”婴儿微生物组的特征。这篇综述从全球角度全面阐述了目前已知的婴儿微生物组的情况。总的来说，这篇综述表明，喂养方式、分娩方式和卫生方面的文化差异是导致微生物多样性的最大因素。尽管存在地理或种族差异，但所有人类在婴儿期都有相似的微生物演替过程。
