Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, BA27AY Bath, United Kingdom.
The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, BA27AY Bath, United Kingdom.
Environ Int. 2020 Jun;139:105681. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105681. Epub 2020 Apr 3.
Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is now recognised as a serious global health and economic threat that is most efficiently managed via a 'one health' approach incorporating environmental risk assessment. Although the environmental dimension of ABR has been largely overlooked, recent studies have underlined the importance of non-clinical settings in the emergence and spread of resistant strains. Despite this, several research gaps remain in regard to the development of a robust and fit-for-purpose environmental risk assessment for ABR drivers such as antibiotics (ABs). Here we explore the role the environment plays in the dissemination of ABR within the context of stereochemistry and its particular form, enantiomerism. Taking chloramphenicol as a proof of principle, we argue that stereoisomerism of ABs impacts on biological properties and the mechanisms of resistance and we discuss more broadly the importance of stereochemistry (enantiomerism in particular) with respect to antimicrobial potency and range of action.
抗生素耐药性（ABR）现在被认为是一个严重的全球健康和经济威胁，通过“同一健康”方法，包括环境风险评估，是最有效的管理方式。尽管 ABR 的环境层面在很大程度上被忽视了，但最近的研究强调了非临床环境在耐药菌株的出现和传播中的重要性。尽管如此，在开发针对抗生素（ABs）等 ABR 驱动因素的稳健且适用的环境风险评估方面，仍存在一些研究空白。在这里，我们探讨了环境在 ABR 传播中的作用，特别是在立体化学及其特定形式——对映异构体方面。以氯霉素为例，我们认为 ABs 的立体异构性会影响其生物学特性和耐药机制，我们还更广泛地讨论了立体化学（特别是对映异构体）对抗微生物效力和作用范围的重要性。
