GALENO research group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 115010 Puerto Real, Spain.
Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, 11008 Cádiz, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Apr 2;17(7):2413. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17072413.
Self-rated health (SRH) is an independent determinant for all-cause mortality. We aimed to examine the independent and combined associations of components of physical fitness with SRH at baseline (cross-sectional) and two years later (longitudinal) in children and adolescents. Spanish youth = 1378) aged 8 to 17.9 years participated at baseline. The dropout rate at 2-year follow-up was 19.5% ( = 270). Participants were categorized as either children (8 to 11.9 years age) or adolescents (12 to 17.9 years age). The ALPHA health- related fitness test battery for youth was used to assess physical fitness, and SRH was measured by a single-item question. Cumulative link, ANOVA and ANCOVA models were fitted to analyze the data. Cardiorespiratory fitness, relative upper body isometric muscular strength, muscular strength score, and global physical fitness were positively associated with SRH in children (OR, 1.048; 95% CI, 1.020-1.076; OR, 18.921; 95% CI, 3.47-104.355; OR, 1.213; 95% CI, 1.117-1.319, and OR, 1.170; 95% CI, 1.081-1.266, respectively; all < 0.001) and adolescents (OR, 1.057; 95% CI, 1.037-1.076; OR, 5.707; 95% CI, 1.122-29.205; OR, 1.169; 95% CI, 1.070-1.278, and OR, 1.154 95% CI, 1.100-1.210, respectively; all < 0.001); and motor fitness was positively associated with SRH only in adolescents at baseline (OR, 1.192; 95% CI, 1.066-1.309; < 0.01). Cardiorespiratory fitness and global physical fitness were positively associated with SRH in children two years later (OR, 1.056; 95% CI, 1.023-1.091; < 0.001; and OR, 1.082; 95% CI, 1.031-1.136; < 0.01; respectively). Only cardiorespiratory fitness was independently associated with SRH in children and adolescents at baseline (OR, 1.059; 95% CI, 1.029-1.090; and OR, 1.073; 95% CI, 1.050-1.097, respectively; both < 0.001) and two years later (OR, 1.075; 95% CI, 1.040-1.112; < 0.001; and OR, 1.043; 95% CI, 1.014-1.074; < 0.01, respectively). A high level of cardiorespiratory fitness at baseline or maintaining high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness from the baseline to 2-year follow-up were associated with a higher level of SRH at 2-year follow-up in children ( < 0.01) and adolescents ( < 0.05). These findings emphasize the importance of cardiorespiratory fitness as strong predictor of present and future SRH in youth. Intervention programs to enhance cardiorespiratory fitness level of the youth population are urgently needed for present and future youth's health.
自评健康 (SRH) 是全因死亡率的独立决定因素。我们旨在研究儿童和青少年在基线（横断面）和两年后（纵向）时身体健康成分与 SRH 的独立和综合关联。西班牙青年 = 1378) 年龄在 8 至 17.9 岁之间。两年后随访的失访率为 19.5%（= 270）。参与者被分为儿童（8 至 11.9 岁年龄）或青少年（12 至 17.9 岁年龄）。使用 ALPHA 健康相关的青年体能测试电池评估身体素质，SRH 通过单项问题进行衡量。累积链接、方差分析和协方差模型被拟合来分析数据。在儿童中，心肺适能、相对上半身等长肌肉力量、肌肉力量评分和整体身体适能与 SRH 呈正相关（比值比，1.048；95%置信区间，1.020-1.076；比值比，18.921；95%置信区间，3.47-104.355；比值比，1.213；95%置信区间，1.117-1.319，和比值比，1.170；95%置信区间，1.081-1.266，均 < 0.001），青少年中也呈正相关（比值比，1.057；95%置信区间，1.037-1.076；比值比，5.707；95%置信区间，1.122-29.205；比值比，1.169；95%置信区间，1.070-1.278，和比值比，1.154 95%置信区间，1.100-1.210，均 < 0.001）；而且在基线时，运动能力仅与青少年的 SRH 呈正相关（比值比，1.192；95%置信区间，1.066-1.309； < 0.01）。在儿童中，两年后心肺适能和整体身体适能与 SRH 呈正相关（比值比，1.056；95%置信区间，1.023-1.091； < 0.001；比值比，1.082；95%置信区间，1.031-1.136； < 0.01；分别）。只有心肺适能在儿童和青少年的基线时与 SRH 独立相关（比值比，1.059；95%置信区间，1.029-1.090；和比值比，1.073；95%置信区间，1.050-1.097，分别；均 < 0.001）和两年后（比值比，1.075；95%置信区间，1.040-1.112； < 0.001；和比值比，1.043；95%置信区间，1.014-1.074； < 0.01，分别）。在儿童中，基线时心肺适能水平较高或从基线到两年随访时保持较高的心肺适能水平与两年随访时较高的 SRH 水平相关（ < 0.01），青少年中也呈正相关（ < 0.05）。这些发现强调了心肺适能作为青年当前和未来 SRH 的有力预测指标的重要性。迫切需要为青年人群实施提高心肺适能水平的干预计划，以促进当前和未来青年的健康。
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