Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Cells. 2020 Apr 2;9(4):866. doi: 10.3390/cells9040866.
Phosphatidylinositol and its phosphorylated derivatives, the phosphoinositides, play many important roles in all eukaryotic cells. These include modulation of physical properties of membranes, activation or inhibition of membrane-associated proteins, recruitment of peripheral membrane proteins that act as effectors, and control of membrane trafficking. They also serve as precursors for important second messengers, inositol (1,4,5) trisphosphate and diacylglycerol. Animal models and human diseases involving defects in phosphoinositide regulatory pathways have revealed their importance for function in the mammalian retina and retinal pigmented epithelium. New technologies for localizing, measuring and genetically manipulating them are revealing new information about their importance for the function and health of the vertebrate retina.
磷脂酰肌醇及其磷酸化衍生物，即磷酯酰肌醇，在所有真核细胞中发挥着许多重要作用。这些作用包括调节膜的物理性质、激活或抑制膜相关蛋白、募集作为效应物的周边膜蛋白，以及控制膜运输。它们还作为重要的第二信使，即肌醇（1,4,5）三磷酸和二酰基甘油的前体。涉及磷酯酰肌醇调节途径缺陷的动物模型和人类疾病已经揭示了它们在哺乳动物视网膜和视网膜色素上皮功能中的重要性。用于定位、测量和遗传操作它们的新技术正在揭示它们对脊椎动物视网膜功能和健康的重要性的新信息。
