Mphekgwana Peter M, Monyeki Kotsedi D, Makgopa Herbert M, Makgae Phuti J
Research Administration and Development, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, Sovenga 0727, South Africa.
Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, Polokwane, Sovenga 0727, South Africa.
Children (Basel). 2020 Apr 2;7(4):28. doi: 10.3390/children7040028.
Hypertension has gained global significance and risk of cardiovascular disease, and adiposity is the most important of the conditions associated with and considered responsible for hypertension in children. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine whether indices of adiposity independently predicted blood pressure at multiple points in gender-specific groups.
This was a cross-sectional study involving 10 randomly selected primary schools within the Ellisras Longitudinal Study, and involved 1816 adolescents (876 girls and 940 boys) aged 8 to 17 years. All the anthropometric indices and blood pressures (BP) were examined according to the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry protocol.
In an adjusted linear quantile regression analysis of boys, waist circumference (WC) was associated with BP across all multiple points of systolic blood pressure (SBP). Furthermore, the triceps skinfold site was associated with high SBP. In girls, body mass index (BMI) was significantly associated with SBP after adjustment for potential confounders. Other anthropometric indices of adiposity, including WC, biceps, and triceps skinfold sites were not associated with SBP.
The results of the present study suggest that in black South African children, variables such as WC and triceps skinfold site may provide stronger explanatory capacity to SBP variance and systolic hypertension risk in boys than other adiposity indices; whereas in girls, only WC and BMI predict diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and SBP, respectively.
高血压已具有全球重要性及心血管疾病风险，肥胖是与儿童高血压相关且被认为是其病因的最重要状况。因此，本研究旨在确定肥胖指标是否能在特定性别的群体中多个时间点独立预测血压。
这是一项横断面研究，纳入了埃利斯拉斯纵向研究中随机选取的10所小学，涉及1816名8至17岁的青少年（876名女孩和940名男孩）。所有人体测量指标和血压均按照国际人体测量学发展协会的方案进行检查。
在对男孩进行的调整线性分位数回归分析中，腰围（WC）与收缩压（SBP）所有多个时间点的血压均相关。此外，肱三头肌皮褶部位与高收缩压相关。在女孩中，调整潜在混杂因素后，体重指数（BMI）与收缩压显著相关。其他肥胖人体测量指标，包括腰围、肱二头肌和肱三头肌皮褶部位与收缩压均无关联。
本研究结果表明，在南非黑人儿童中，腰围和肱三头肌皮褶部位等变量对男孩收缩压方差和收缩期高血压风险的解释能力可能比其他肥胖指标更强；而在女孩中，只有腰围和体重指数分别预测舒张压（DBP）和收缩压。
