Masocha Vincent, Monyeki Makama Andries, Czyż Stanisław H
Physical Activity, Sport, and Recreation Research Focus Group, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
Faculty of Physical Education, University School of Physical Education in Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland.
PeerJ. 2020 Jun 23;8:e9331. doi: 10.7717/peerj.9331. eCollection 2020.
Incidence of childhood high blood pressure (BP) is increasing worldwide. This study examined the longitudinal relationship between changes in body composition (i.e. body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and percentage body fat) and selected metabolic risk factors (abdominal obesity and BP) among adolescents from the Tlokwe municipality in the North West Province of South Africa.
One hundred and eight-six adolescents (81 boys and 105 girls) aged 14 to 16 years participated in the study. Body composition was measured following the International Society of the Advancement of Kinanthropometry standard procedures. BMI, abdominal obesity using WC measurement, and resting BP were determined. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures was calculated to determine changes in anthropometric measures and body composition as well as changes in BP. Additionally, Univariate analysis of variance with repeated measures and participants as a random sample was applied. Diastolic BP (DBP) and systolic BP (SBP) were used as dependent variables and sex, age, BMI, WC, and waist-to-height ratio as independent variables.
Significant changes were found for stature, BMI, body mass, WC, SBP, and DBP. BMI for the total group was significant and positively related to abdominal obesity in 2012 ( = 0.55; < 0.01) and in 2013 ( = 0.77; < 0.01) and to SBP ( = 0.26; < 0.05) in 2012 and ( = 0.17; = 0.43) in 2013. BMI among the boys was significantly and positively related to abdominal obesity in 2012 ( = 0.83; < 0.01) and 2013 ( = 0.91; < 0.01). For the girls, BMI was significantly and positively related to abdominal obesity ( = 0.49; < 0.01) and to SBP ( = 0.32; = 0.05) in 2012. Boys with a higher WC in 2012 had significantly increased DBP ( < 0.05). Boys measured in 2012 with greater WC and BMI show a significant increase in SBP.
BMI was positively related to BP and abdominal obesity over time. Relatively high BMI and abdominal obesity significantly increased the likelihood of elevated BP over time, especially in boys. BMI was a predictor of abdominal obesity in boys, while in girls, BMI was a predictor of both abdominal obesity and SBP. In view of the future health implications of both abdominal obesity and elevated BP, urgent strategic interventions programs aimed at increasing physical activity and advocating for well-balanced dietary practices as well as importance of keeping normal blood pressure among South African adolescents are needed.
全球儿童高血压发病率正在上升。本研究调查了南非西北省特洛奎市青少年身体成分变化（即体重指数（BMI）、腰围（WC）和体脂百分比）与选定的代谢风险因素（腹部肥胖和血压）之间的纵向关系。
186名年龄在14至16岁的青少年（81名男孩和105名女孩）参与了该研究。按照国际人体测量学促进协会的标准程序测量身体成分。测定BMI、使用WC测量的腹部肥胖情况以及静息血压。计算重复测量的方差分析（ANOVA）以确定人体测量指标和身体成分的变化以及血压的变化。此外，应用了以参与者为随机样本的重复测量单变量方差分析。舒张压（DBP）和收缩压（SBP）用作因变量，性别、年龄、BMI、WC和腰高比用作自变量。
身高、BMI、体重、WC、SBP和DBP有显著变化。2012年（r = 0.55；P < 0.01）和2013年（r = 0.77；P < 0.01），总组的BMI与腹部肥胖显著正相关，2012年（r = 0.26；P < 0.05）和2013年（r = 0.17；P = 0.43）与SBP显著正相关。2012年和2013年，男孩中的BMI与腹部肥胖显著正相关（2012年r = 0.83；P < 0.01，2013年r = 0.91；P < 0.01）。对于女孩，2012年BMI与腹部肥胖显著正相关（r = 0.49；P < 0.01），与SBP显著正相关（r = 0.32；P = 0.05）。2012年WC较高的男孩DBP显著升高（P < 0.05）。2012年测量的WC和BMI较高的男孩SBP显著升高。
随着时间推移，BMI与血压和腹部肥胖呈正相关。相对较高的BMI和腹部肥胖随着时间推移显著增加了血压升高的可能性，尤其是在男孩中。BMI是男孩腹部肥胖的预测指标，而在女孩中，BMI是腹部肥胖和SBP两者的预测指标。鉴于腹部肥胖和血压升高对未来健康的影响，需要实施紧急战略干预计划，旨在增加体育活动，倡导均衡饮食做法以及强调南非青少年保持正常血压的重要性。
