Monyeki K D, Kemper H C G, Makgae P J
Chronic Disease of Lifestyle Unit, Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
Int J Epidemiol. 2006 Feb;35(1):114-20. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyi219. Epub 2005 Oct 31.
Hypertension is one of the major causes of death in developed and underdeveloped nations. Essential hypertension and obesity may have their inception in childhood, with little data in African children to support these findings. Objectives were to determine the prevalence of overweight and hypertension in rural children in South Africa. Additionally, the association between fat-patterning ratios and blood pressure (BP) was investigated.
Data were collected from 1884 subjects (967 boys and 917 girls), aged 6-13 years, participating in the Ellisras Longitudinal Study. Height; weight; and triceps, biceps, subscapular, and suprailiac skinfolds were measured according to the protocol of the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry. Skinfold ratio was used as an indicator of the central pattern of body fat. Internationally recommended cut-off points for body mass index (BMI) were used. Hypertension, defined as the average of three separate BP readings where the systolic BP or diastolic BP is >or=95th percentile for age and sex, was determined.
The prevalence of hypertension ranged from 1 to 5.8% for boys and 3.1 to 11.4% for girls, and that of overweight from 1.1 to 2.9% for boys and 0.6 to 4.6% for girls. The association between high systolic BP and high BMI was -3.0, while that for high diastolic BP and high BMI was -0.68.
The prevalence of hypertension is evident from the age 6 years for girls, while that of overweight was low. Overweight became evident from the age 10 to 13 years for both sexes. A significant association between high diastolic BP and high BMI was noted, while children with low BMIs were less likely to be hypertensive. Investigating habitual physical activity, fitness and dietary patterns will shed more light on the association of fat patterning and BP in this population.
高血压是发达国家和不发达国家的主要死因之一。原发性高血压和肥胖可能始于儿童期，但在非洲儿童中几乎没有数据支持这些发现。目的是确定南非农村儿童超重和高血压的患病率。此外，还研究了脂肪分布比率与血压（BP）之间的关联。
从参与埃利斯拉斯纵向研究的1884名6至13岁受试者（967名男孩和917名女孩）中收集数据。根据国际人体测量学促进会的方案测量身高、体重以及肱三头肌、肱二头肌、肩胛下和髂上皮肤褶厚度。皮肤褶比率用作身体脂肪中心分布模式的指标。使用国际推荐的体重指数（BMI）切点。高血压定义为三次独立血压读数的平均值，其中收缩压或舒张压高于或等于年龄和性别的第95百分位数。
男孩高血压患病率为1%至5.8%，女孩为3.1%至11.4%；男孩超重患病率为1.1%至2.9%，女孩为0.6%至4.6%。收缩压高与BMI高之间的关联为-3.0，舒张压高与BMI高之间的关联为-0.68。
女孩6岁时高血压患病率明显，而超重患病率较低。男女在10至13岁时超重情况明显。注意到舒张压高与BMI高之间存在显著关联，而BMI低的儿童患高血压的可能性较小。调查习惯性身体活动、健康状况和饮食模式将更清楚地了解该人群中脂肪分布与血压的关联。
