Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Clinical Epidemiology Program, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
BMC Med Res Methodol. 2020 Apr 6;20(1):76. doi: 10.1186/s12874-020-00955-7.
Modeling studies to inform the design of complex health services interventions often involves elements that differ from the intervention's ultimate real-world use. These "hypothetical" elements include pilot participants, materials, and settings. Understanding the conditions under which studies with "hypothetical" elements can yield valid results would greatly help advance health services research. Our objectives are: 1) to conduct a systematic review of the literature to identify factors affecting the relationship between hypothetical decisions and real-world behaviours, and 2) to summarise and organize these factors into a preliminary framework.
We conducted an electronic database search using PsycINFO and Medline on November 30th, 2015, updated March 7th, 2019. We also conducted a supplemental snowball search on December 9th 2015 and a reverse citation search using Scopus and Web of Science. Studies were eligible to be included in this review if they clearly addressed the consistency between some type of hypothetical decision and a corresponding real decision or behaviour. Two reviewers extracted data using a standardized data collection form developed through an iterative consensus-based process. We extracted basic study information and data about each study's research area, design, and research question. Quotations from the articles were extracted and summarized into standardized factor statements.
Of the 2444 articles that were screened, 68 articles were included in the review. The articles identified 27 factors that we grouped into 4 categories: decision maker factors, cognitive factors, task factors, and matching factors.
We have summarized a large number of factors that may be relevant when considering whether hypothetical health services pilot work can be expected to yield results that are consistent with real-world behaviours. Our descriptive framework can serve as the basis for organizing future work exploring which factors are most relevant when seeking to develop complex health services interventions.
为复杂的卫生服务干预措施设计提供信息的建模研究通常涉及与干预措施最终实际应用不同的元素。这些“假设”的元素包括试点参与者、材料和环境。了解具有“假设”元素的研究如何产生有效结果的条件将极大地有助于推进卫生服务研究。我们的目标是：1）系统地综述文献，以确定影响假设决策与现实行为之间关系的因素；2）将这些因素总结并组织成一个初步的框架。
我们于 2015 年 11 月 30 日在 PsycINFO 和 Medline 上进行了电子数据库检索，2019 年 3 月 7 日进行了更新。我们还于 2015 年 12 月 9 日进行了补充的滚雪球搜索，并使用 Scopus 和 Web of Science 进行了反向引文搜索。如果研究明确解决了某种类型的假设决策与相应的真实决策或行为之间的一致性问题，则符合本综述的纳入标准。两名审查员使用通过迭代共识过程制定的标准化数据收集表提取数据。我们提取了基本的研究信息以及每项研究的研究领域、设计和研究问题的数据。从文章中提取引文并总结为标准化的因素陈述。
在筛选出的 2444 篇文章中，有 68 篇文章被纳入综述。这些文章确定了 27 个因素，我们将其分为 4 类：决策者因素、认知因素、任务因素和匹配因素。
我们总结了许多因素，这些因素在考虑是否可以期望假设的卫生服务试点工作产生与现实行为一致的结果时可能是相关的。我们的描述性框架可以作为组织未来工作的基础，探索在寻求开发复杂卫生服务干预措施时哪些因素最为相关。
