Field Epidemiology Training Program, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
Ann Epidemiol. 2020 Apr;44:60-63. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.03.001. Epub 2020 Mar 25.
Psittacosis is a bacterial zoonosis caused by Chlamydia (Chlamydophila) psittaci that infects birds. Although potentially fatal, infections can be reduced by controlling the source of infection. We therefore described the epidemiology of psittacosis, focusing on the infection source.
We descriptively analyzed psittacosis cases reported through national surveillance in Japan from 2007 to 2016. We also analyzed Chlamydia psittaci prevalence among captive psittaciformes during the same period.
One hundred eleven cases were reported, and the annual number and notification rate of psittacosis declined. While 58% were male and the median age was 61 years, the median age differed by gender (males: 63 years, females: 53 years), with more female cases in those aged <50 years. In addition, the most common infection source differed by gender (men: columbiformes; women: psittaciformes). The decline in notifications was associated with a decline in psittaciformes-associated cases, with a concomitant decline in female cases. The prevalence of C. psittaci among captive psittaciformes also decreased over the period.
We found important differences in the epidemiology of psittacosis by gender, and the recent decrease in notifications correlated with decreasing C. psittaci prevalence in birds. Risk communications for psittacosis should consider the current epidemiology regarding gender, age, and infection source.
鹦鹉热是由鹦鹉衣原体引起的细菌性人畜共患病，感染鸟类。虽然可能致命，但通过控制感染源可以减少感染。因此，我们描述了鹦鹉热的流行病学，重点是感染源。
我们对 2007 年至 2016 年期间通过日本全国监测报告的鹦鹉热病例进行描述性分析。我们还分析了同期圈养凤头鹦鹉类中的鹦鹉衣原体流行情况。
报告了 111 例病例，鹦鹉热的年发病数和报告率呈下降趋势。虽然 58%为男性，中位年龄为 61 岁，但性别间的中位年龄存在差异（男性：63 岁，女性：53 岁），50 岁以下女性病例较多。此外，不同性别间最常见的感染源也不同（男性：鸠鸽目；女性：鹦形目）。通知数量的下降与鹦鹉形目相关病例的下降有关，同时女性病例也随之减少。在此期间，圈养凤头鹦鹉类中的鹦鹉衣原体流行率也有所下降。
我们发现鹦鹉热的流行病学在性别方面存在重要差异，最近通知数量的减少与鸟类中鹦鹉衣原体流行率的下降有关。针对鹦鹉热的风险沟通应考虑到当前关于性别、年龄和感染源的流行病学情况。
