Department of Sociology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Apr 21;117(16):8836-8844. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1915460117. Epub 2020 Apr 6.
Deportation has become more commonplace in the United States since the mid-2000s. Latin American noncitizens-encompassing undocumented and documented immigrants-are targeted for deportation. Deportation's threat also reaches naturalized and US-born citizens of Latino descent who are largely immune to deportation but whose loved ones or communities are deportable. Drawing on 6 y of data from the National Survey of Latinos, this article examines whether and how Latinos' deportation fears vary by citizenship and legal status and over time. Compared with Latino noncitizens, Latino US citizens report lower average deportation fears. However, a more complex story emerges when examining this divide over time: Deportation fears are high but stable among Latino noncitizens, whereas deportation fears have increased substantially among Latino US citizens. These trends reflect a growing national awareness of-rather than observable changes to-deportation policy and practice since the 2016 US presidential election. The article highlights how deportation or its consequences affects a racial group that the US immigration regime targets disproportionately.
自 21 世纪中期以来，美国的驱逐出境事件变得更加普遍。拉丁裔非公民——包括无证和有证移民——成为了被驱逐出境的目标。被驱逐出境的威胁也影响到已入籍和出生于美国的拉丁裔公民，他们在很大程度上免受驱逐出境的影响，但他们的亲人或社区可能会被驱逐出境。本文利用《全国拉丁裔调查》（National Survey of Latinos）长达 6 年的数据，研究了拉丁裔人对驱逐出境的恐惧是否因公民身份和法律地位以及时间的不同而有所不同。与拉丁裔非公民相比，拉丁裔美国公民报告的平均驱逐出境恐惧程度较低。然而，当我们随着时间的推移来观察这种差异时，就会出现一个更为复杂的情况：拉丁裔非公民的驱逐出境恐惧程度一直很高但很稳定，而拉丁裔美国公民的驱逐出境恐惧程度则大幅上升。这些趋势反映了自 2016 年美国总统选举以来，美国公众对驱逐出境政策和实践的认识不断提高，而不是实际发生了变化。本文强调了驱逐出境或其后果如何影响到美国移民制度不成比例地针对的一个种族群体。
