Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCSS-Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Roma, Italy.
Nanoscale Horiz. 2019 Mar 1;4(2):273-290. doi: 10.1039/c8nh00318a. Epub 2018 Oct 31.
Graphene oxide is the hot topic in biomedical and pharmaceutical research of the current decade. However, its complex interactions with human blood components complicate the transition from the promising in vitro results to clinical settings. Even though graphene oxide is made with the same atoms as our organs, tissues and cells, its bi-dimensional nature causes unique interactions with blood proteins and biological membranes and can lead to severe effects like thrombogenicity and immune cell activation. In this review, we will describe the journey of graphene oxide after injection into the bloodstream, from the initial interactions with plasma proteins to the formation of the "biomolecular corona", and biodistribution. We will consider the link between the chemical properties of graphene oxide (and its functionalized/reduced derivatives), protein binding and in vivo response. We will also summarize data on biodistribution and toxicity in view of the current knowledge of the influence of the biomolecular corona on these processes. Our aim is to shed light on the unsolved problems regarding the graphene oxide corona to build the groundwork for the future development of drug delivery technology.
氧化石墨烯是当前十年生物医学和药物研究的热门话题。然而，其与人体血液成分的复杂相互作用使得从有前途的体外结果向临床环境转化变得复杂。尽管氧化石墨烯是由与我们的器官、组织和细胞相同的原子组成，但它的二维性质与血液蛋白和生物膜发生独特的相互作用，可能导致血栓形成和免疫细胞激活等严重后果。在这篇综述中，我们将描述氧化石墨烯注入血液后的旅程，从与血浆蛋白的最初相互作用到“生物分子冠”的形成和生物分布。我们将考虑氧化石墨烯的化学性质（及其功能化/还原衍生物）、蛋白结合和体内反应之间的联系。我们还将根据目前关于生物分子冠对这些过程影响的知识，总结生物分布和毒性方面的数据。我们的目的是阐明氧化石墨烯冠的未解决问题，为未来药物输送技术的发展奠定基础。
