Atuman Y J, Kudi C A, Abdu P A, Okubanjo O O, Abubakar A, Wungak Y, Ularamu H G
National Veterinary Research Institute Vom Outstation Laboratory, Bauchi, Bauchi, Nigeria.
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
Vet Med Int. 2020 Mar 18;2020:3642793. doi: 10.1155/2020/3642793. eCollection 2020.
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is an important transboundary viral disease of both domestic and wild cloven-hoofed animals characterized by high morbidity with devastating consequence on the livestock worldwide. Despite the endemic nature of FMD in Nigeria, little is known about the epidemiology of the disease at the wildlife-livestock interface level. To address this gap, blood samples were collected between 2013 and 2015 from some wildlife and cattle, respectively, within and around the Yankari Game Reserve and Sumu Wildlife Park in Bauchi State, Nigeria. Wild animals were immobilized using a combination of etorphine hydrochloride (M99® Krüger-Med South Africa) at 0.5-2 mg/kg and azaperone (Stresnil®, Janssen Pharmaceuticals (Pty.) Ltd., South Africa) at 0.1 mg/kg using a Dan-Inject® rifle (Dan-Inject APS, Sellerup Skovvej, Denmark) fitted with a 3 ml dart syringe and for reversal, naltrexone (Trexonil® Kruger-Med South Africa) at 1.5 mg IM was used, and cattle were restrained by the owners for blood collection. Harvested sera from blood were screened for presence of antibodies against the foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) using the PrioCHECK® 3ABC NSP ELISA kit, and positive samples were serotyped using solid-phase competitive ELISA, (IZSLER Brescia, Italy). Out of the 353 sera collected from cattle and wildlife 197 (65.7%) and 13 (24.5%) ( < 0.05), respectively, tested positive for antibodies to the highly conserved nonstructural 3ABC protein of FMDV by the FMDV-NS blocking ELISA. Classification of cattle into breed and sex showed that detectable antibodies to FMDV were higher ( < 0.05) in White Fulani 157 (72.8%) than in Red Bororo 23 (39.7%) and Sokoto Gudali 17 (33.3%) breeds of cattle, whereas in females, detectable FMDV antibodies were higher ( < 0.05) 150 (72.8%) than in males 47 (50.0%). In the wildlife species, antibodies to FMDV were detected in the waterbucks 2 (28.6%), elephant 1 (25.0%), wildebeests 4 (33.3%), and elands 6 (25.0%). Four serotypes of FMDV: O, A, SAT 1, and SAT 2 were detected from the 3ABC positive reactors in waterbucks, elephants, wildebeests, and elands. The results showed presence of antibodies to FMDV in some wildlife and cattle and suggested that wildlife could equally play an important role in the overall epidemiology of FMD in Nigeria. FMD surveillance system, control, and prevention program should be intensified in the study area.
口蹄疫（FMD）是一种重要的跨界病毒性疾病，可感染家养和野生偶蹄动物，其特点是发病率高，对全球牲畜造成毁灭性后果。尽管口蹄疫在尼日利亚呈地方流行态势，但在野生动物与家畜接触层面，人们对该疾病的流行病学情况了解甚少。为填补这一空白，2013年至2015年期间，分别从尼日利亚包奇州扬卡里野生动物保护区和苏穆野生动物公园及其周边的一些野生动物和牛群采集了血样。使用装有3毫升飞镖注射器的Dan-Inject®步枪（丹麦Sellerup Skovvej的Dan-Inject APS公司生产），将盐酸埃托啡（南非Krüger-Med公司的M99®）以0.5 - 2毫克/千克的剂量与阿扎哌隆（南非扬森制药有限公司的Stresnil®）以0.1毫克/千克的剂量混合使用，使野生动物 immobilized，用于反转的药物为1.5毫克肌肉注射的纳曲酮（南非Kruger-Med公司的Trexonil®），牛则由主人进行约束以便采血。采集的血样血清使用PrioCHECK® 3ABC NSP ELISA试剂盒筛查口蹄疫病毒（FMDV）抗体的存在情况，阳性样本使用固相竞争ELISA（意大利伊兹勒布雷西亚的IZSLER公司生产）进行血清分型。在从牛和野生动物采集的353份血清中，分别有197份（65.7%）和13份（24.5%）（<0.05）通过FMDV - NS阻断ELISA检测到FMDV高度保守的非结构3ABC蛋白抗体呈阳性。将牛按品种和性别分类显示，白色富拉尼牛品种中可检测到的FMDV抗体比例（157份，72.8%）高于红色博罗罗牛品种（23份，39.7%）和索科托古达利牛品种（17份，33.3%）（<0.05），而在雌性中，可检测到的FMDV抗体比例（150份，72.8%）高于雄性（47份，50.0%）（<0.05）。在野生动物物种中，在水羚（2份，28.6%）、大象（1份，25.0%）、角马（4份，33.3%）和大羚羊（6份，25.0%）中检测到FMDV抗体。从水羚、大象、角马和大羚羊的3ABC阳性反应者中检测到四种FMDV血清型：O、A、SAT 1和SAT 2。结果表明在一些野生动物和牛中存在FMDV抗体，这表明野生动物在尼日利亚口蹄疫的总体流行病学中同样可能发挥重要作用。应加强研究区域的口蹄疫监测系统、控制和预防计划。
