Longjam Neeta, Deb Rajib, Sarmah A K, Tayo Tilling, Awachat V B, Saxena V K
Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati 781022, India.
Vet Med Int. 2011;2011:905768. doi: 10.4061/2011/905768. Epub 2011 Jul 6.
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the highly contagious diseases of domestic animals. Effective control of this disease needs sensitive, specific, and quick diagnostic tools at each tier of control strategy. In this paper we have outlined various diagnostic approaches from old to new generation in a nutshell. Presently FMD diagnosis is being carried out using techniques such as Virus Isolation (VI), Sandwich-ELISA (S-ELISA), Liquid-Phase Blocking ELISA (LPBE), Multiplex-PCR (m-PCR), and indirect ELISA (DIVA), and real time-PCR can be used for detection of antibody against nonstructural proteins. Nucleotide sequencing for serotyping, microarray as well as recombinant antigen-based detection, biosensor, phage display, and nucleic-acid-based diagnostic are on the way for rapid and specific detection of FMDV. Various pen side tests, namely, lateral flow, RT-LAMP, Immunostrip tests, and so forth. are also developed for detection of the virus in field condition.
口蹄疫（FMD）是家畜中传染性极强的疾病之一。有效控制这种疾病需要在控制策略的每一层级都配备灵敏、特异且快速的诊断工具。在本文中，我们简要概述了从旧一代到新一代的各种诊断方法。目前，口蹄疫诊断采用病毒分离（VI）、夹心酶联免疫吸附测定（S - ELISA）、液相阻断酶联免疫吸附测定（LPBE）、多重聚合酶链反应（m - PCR）、间接酶联免疫吸附测定（DIVA）等技术，实时聚合酶链反应可用于检测针对非结构蛋白的抗体。用于血清分型的核苷酸测序、微阵列以及基于重组抗原的检测、生物传感器、噬菌体展示和基于核酸的诊断方法正在研发中，以实现口蹄疫病毒的快速特异检测。还开发了各种现场侧流检测方法，即侧向流动检测、逆转录环介导等温扩增（RT - LAMP）、免疫试纸条检测等，用于在现场条件下检测病毒。
