Herrera Michael B, Kraitsek Spiridoula, Alcalde Jose A, Quiroz Daniel, Revelo Herman, Alvarez Luz A, Rosario Millor F, Thomson Vicki, Jianlin Han, Austin Jeremy J, Gongora Jaime
Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
Archaeological Studies Program, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines.
R Soc Open Sci. 2020 Feb 5;7(2):191558. doi: 10.1098/rsos.191558. eCollection 2020 Feb.
Chickens () from the Americas have long been recognized as descendants of European chickens, transported by early Europeans since the fifteenth century. However, in recent years, a possible pre-Columbian introduction of chickens to South America by Polynesian seafarers has also been suggested. Here, we characterize the mitochondrial control region genetic diversity of modern chicken populations from South America and compare this to a worldwide dataset in order to investigate the potential maternal genetic origin of modern-day chicken populations in South America. The genetic analysis of newly generated chicken mitochondrial control region sequences from South America showed that the majority of chickens from the continent belong to mitochondrial haplogroup E. The rest belongs to haplogroups A, B and C, albeit at very low levels. Haplogroup D, a ubiquitous mitochondrial lineage in Island Southeast Asia and on Pacific Islands is not observed in continental South America. Modern-day mainland South American chickens are, therefore, closely allied with European and Asian chickens. Furthermore, we find high levels of genetic contributions from South Asian chickens to those in Europe and South America. Our findings demonstrate that modern-day genetic diversity of mainland South American chickens appear to have clear European and Asian contributions, and less so from Island Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands. Furthermore, there is also some indication that South Asia has more genetic contribution to European chickens than any other Asian chicken populations.
长期以来，美洲的鸡一直被认为是欧洲鸡的后代，自15世纪起由早期欧洲人引入。然而，近年来，也有人提出波利尼西亚海员可能在哥伦布发现美洲大陆之前就已将鸡引入南美洲。在此，我们对南美洲现代鸡群的线粒体控制区遗传多样性进行了表征，并将其与全球数据集进行比较，以研究南美洲现代鸡群潜在的母系遗传起源。对新生成的南美洲鸡线粒体控制区序列的遗传分析表明，该大陆的大多数鸡属于线粒体单倍群E。其余的属于单倍群A、B和C，尽管比例非常低。在南美洲大陆未观察到单倍群D，它是东南亚岛屿和太平洋岛屿中普遍存在的线粒体谱系。因此，现代南美洲大陆的鸡与欧洲和亚洲的鸡密切相关。此外，我们发现南亚鸡对欧洲和南美洲鸡的遗传贡献很大。我们的研究结果表明，现代南美洲大陆鸡的遗传多样性似乎有明显的欧洲和亚洲贡献，而东南亚岛屿和太平洋岛屿的贡献较少。此外，还有迹象表明，南亚对欧洲鸡的遗传贡献比其他任何亚洲鸡群都要大。
