Ding Kai, Hua Fei, Ding Wenge
1Department of Trauma Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China.
2Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China.
Aging Dis. 2020 Mar 9;11(2):438-447. doi: 10.14336/AD.2019.0523. eCollection 2020 Apr.
Gut microbiome refers to the microbes that live in human digestive tract and are symbiotic with the human body. They participate in the regulation of various physiological and pathological processes of the human body and are associated with various diseases. The pathological process of osteoporosis is affected by gut microbes. The molecular mechanisms of osteoporosis mainly include: 1) Intestinal barrier and nutrient absorption (involving SCFAs). 2) Immunoregulation (Th-17 and T-reg cells balance). 3) Regulation of intestinal-brain axis (involving 5-HT). Gut microbes can increase bone mass and improve osteoporosis by inhibiting osteoclast proliferation and differentiation, inducing apoptosis, reducing bone resorption, or promoting osteoblast proliferation and maturation. However, the therapeutic effect of gut microbes on osteoporosis remains to be further proven. At present, some of the findings on the impact of gut microbes on osteoporosis has been applied in clinical, including early diagnosis and intervention of osteoporosis and adjuvant therapy. In this article, we reviewed the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulatory effect of gut microbes on osteoporosis and the clinical practice of using gut microbes to improve bone health.
肠道微生物群是指生活在人体消化道内并与人体共生的微生物。它们参与人体各种生理和病理过程的调节，并与多种疾病相关。骨质疏松症的病理过程受肠道微生物的影响。骨质疏松症的分子机制主要包括：1）肠道屏障与营养吸收（涉及短链脂肪酸）。2）免疫调节（Th-17和T-reg细胞平衡）。3）肠-脑轴调节（涉及5-羟色胺）。肠道微生物可通过抑制破骨细胞增殖和分化、诱导凋亡、减少骨吸收或促进成骨细胞增殖和成熟来增加骨量并改善骨质疏松症。然而，肠道微生物对骨质疏松症的治疗效果仍有待进一步证实。目前，关于肠道微生物对骨质疏松症影响的一些研究结果已应用于临床，包括骨质疏松症的早期诊断和干预以及辅助治疗。在本文中，我们综述了肠道微生物对骨质疏松症调节作用的分子机制以及利用肠道微生物改善骨骼健康的临床实践。
