Kumoro Andri Cahyo, Alhanif Misbahudin, Wardhani Dyah Hesti
Master of Chemical Engineering Study Program, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia 50275.
Institute of Food and Remedies Biomaterial, Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia 50275.
Int J Food Sci. 2020 Mar 18;2020:4051475. doi: 10.1155/2020/4051475. eCollection 2020.
Some tropical countries in the Southeast Asia are rich in exotic fruits with worldwide acceptance, such as mango, orange, snake fruit, durian, jackfruit, rambutan, and avocado. In addition to their abundant production, those fruits are also currently gaining expansive distribution and marketing due to their promising advantages to human well-being. Surprisingly, their by-products, especially the seed kernel and peel, which account about 10-35% of their weight also offer high nutritional and functional potentials. This work exhibits the nutritional and bioactive compositions of the seeds of eight tropical exotic fruits, which are analyzed for their possible application as sources of functional food and environmental points of view. The seeds contain essential bioactive components, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, phenolic acid, and carotenoids, that exhibit excellent antioxidant activity, fats that have remarkable physicohemical properties (free of trans-fatty acids), and a high protein content. After a proper reduction of antinutritional contents, seed powders which contain carbohydrate, protein, and premium lipids or specific extracts with excellent functional properties can be obtained. However, further research should be carried out to determine the profiles of the nutritional and bioactive components in different seed types, their bioavailability, and their efficacy. Extensive researches with the industrial parts should also be performed to valorize the nutritional and functional potentials of these exotic fruit seeds.
东南亚的一些热带国家盛产在全球都广受欢迎的异国水果，如芒果、橙子、蛇皮果、榴莲、菠萝蜜、红毛丹和鳄梨。除了产量丰富外，这些水果因其对人类健康具有诸多有益优势，目前在分销和市场推广方面也不断扩大。令人惊讶的是，它们的副产品，特别是占其重量10%-35%的种子核和果皮，也具有很高的营养和功能潜力。这项工作展示了八种热带异国水果种子的营养和生物活性成分，并从功能性食品来源和环境角度对其进行了分析。这些种子含有必需的生物活性成分，如多酚、黄酮类化合物、酚酸和类胡萝卜素，它们具有出色的抗氧化活性，其所含脂肪具有显著的物理化学性质（不含反式脂肪酸），且蛋白质含量高。在适当降低抗营养成分后，可以得到含有碳水化合物、蛋白质和优质脂质的种子粉或具有优异功能特性的特定提取物。然而，还需要进一步研究以确定不同种子类型中营养和生物活性成分的概况、它们的生物利用度及其功效。还应针对工业用途开展广泛研究，以充分利用这些异国水果种子的营养和功能潜力。
