De Jesus Inacio Luciana, Merlanti Roberta, Lucatello Lorena, Bisutti Vittoria, Contiero Barbara, Serva Lorenzo, Segato Severino, Capolongo Francesca
Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy.
Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy.
Heliyon. 2020 Mar 31;6(3):e03593. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03593. eCollection 2020 Mar.
Toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) and their N-oxides (PANOs) can be present in bee pollen depending on the plants visited by bees. A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated to monitor 17 PAs/PANOs in 44 bee pollens. The CIE-Lab colour coordinates with the specular component either included or excluded were recorded in pellets and ground aliquots. Lightness (L) and yellowness (b) of ground bee pollen were significantly correlated to PAs/PANOs content. The L and b cut-offs sorted by a receiver operating characteristic analysis to predict PAs/PANOs presence showed a significant increase in the relative risk to detect amounts higher than 84 μg kg. Two supervised canonical discriminant analyses confirmed that pollen without PAs could be distinguished from those containing PAs/PANOs. The data suggest that instrumental colour coupled with supervised models could be used as a screening test for PAs/PANOs in bee pollen, before the confirmatory LC-MS/MS analysis.
根据蜜蜂采集花蜜的植物种类，有毒的吡咯里西啶生物碱（PAs）及其氮氧化物（PANOs）可能存在于蜂花粉中。开发并验证了一种液相色谱-质谱联用（LC-MS/MS）方法，用于监测44种蜂花粉中的17种PAs/PANOs。在颗粒和研磨后的等分试样中记录了包含或排除镜面反射成分的CIE-Lab颜色坐标。研磨后的蜂花粉的亮度（L）和黄度（b）与PAs/PANOs含量显著相关。通过接受者操作特征分析确定的用于预测PAs/PANOs存在的L和b临界值表明，检测高于84μg/kg含量的相对风险显著增加。两项有监督的典型判别分析证实，不含PAs的花粉可以与含有PAs/PANOs的花粉区分开来。数据表明，在进行确证性LC-MS/MS分析之前，仪器颜色结合有监督模型可作为蜂花粉中PAs/PANOs的筛选测试。
